CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 1 of 94 TI: Description of a new genus and two new species of lac insects (Homoptera: Tachardiidae). AU: Zhang-ZS AD: Institute of Lac, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, China. SO: Oriental-Insects. 1992, 26: 386-390; 7 ref. PY: 1992 LA: English AB: A new genus, Albotachardina gen. nov. [family Kerriidae] and 2 new species, A. yunnanensis sp. nov. and A. sinensis sp. nov. are described from Yunnan, China, both occurring on Ficus benjamina and F. obtusifolia. A key is given to distinguish Albotachardina from closely related genera. DE: lac-; beneficial-insects; taxonomy-; new-genus; new-species; keys-; agricultural-entomology OD: Hemiptera-; Ficus-benjamina; Ficus-; Kerriidae-; arthropods- GE: China-; Yunnan- ID: Albotachardina; Albotachardina-yunnanensis; Albotachardina-sinensis; Ficus-obtusifolia RN: 9000-59-3 BT: beneficial-arthropods; arthropods; invertebrates; animals; beneficial-organisms; insects; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Coccoidea; Sternorrhyncha; Homoptera; Hemiptera; Developing-Countries; East-Asia; Asia; South-Western-China; China CC: FF600; ZZ380; PP710 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Taxonomy-and-Evolution; Biological-Resources-Animal PT: Journal-article IS: 0030-5316 UD: 950516 AN: 942303241 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 2 of 94 TI: A new species of Metatachardia (Chamberlin) from Yunnan, China (Homoptera: Tachardiidae). AU: Zhang-ZS AD: Institute of Lac, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, Yunnan, China. SO: Oriental-Insects. 1992, 26: 383-385; 5 ref. PY: 1992 LA: English AB: A new species of lac insect, Metatachardia yunnanensis sp. nov. [family Kerriidae] is described from Yunnan, China, occurring on Mallotus philippinensis and Ficus benjamina. DE: beneficial-insects; lac-; taxonomy-; new-species; food-plants; agricultural-entomology OD: Kerriidae-; Hemiptera-; Ficus-benjamina; arthropods- GE: China-; Yunnan- ID: Metatachardia-yunnanensis; Mallotus-philippinensis RN: 9000-59-3 BT: beneficial-arthropods; arthropods; invertebrates; animals; beneficial-organisms; insects; Coccoidea; Sternorrhyncha; Homoptera; Hemiptera; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Developing-Countries; East-Asia; Asia; South-Western-China; China CC: ZZ380; LL030 CD: Taxonomy-and-Evolution; Culture-of-other-Invertebrates-Not-Aquaculture PT: Journal-article IS: 0030-5316 UD: 950516 AN: 942305676 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 3 of 94 TI: Bioactivity of certain Egyptian Ficus species. AU: Mousa-O; Vuorela-P; Kiviranta-J; Tornquist-K; Vuorela-H; Hiltunen-R AD: Pharmacognosy Division, Department of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00170 Helsinki, Finland. SO: 40th Annual congress on medicinal plant research, Trieste, Italy, 1-5 September 1992. Planta-Medica. 1992, 58: 7, A632; 4 ref. PY: 1992 LA: English AB: Fruit extracts of F. sycomorus, F. benjamina, F. bengalensis [F. benghalensis] and F. religiosa were tested for brine shrimp [Artemia salina] toxicity, antineoplastic activity and antimicrobial activity. Antibacterial, but not antifungal, activity was shown by extracts of all species. DE: toxicity-; fruits-; plant-extracts; medicinal-properties; medicinal-plants; antibacterial-properties; antibacterial-plants; multipurpose-trees OD: Ficus-sycomorus; Ficus-benjamina; Ficus-benghalensis; Ficus-religiosa; Artemia-salina; Ficus- GE: Egypt- ID: antineoplastic-properties; Medicinal-plant-research BT: plants; trees; woody-plants; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Artemia; Artemiidae; Anostraca; Branchiopoda; Crustacea; arthropods; invertebrates; animals; North-Africa; Africa; Developing-Countries; Mediterranean-Region; Middle-East CC: FF040; HH400; VV000; VV200; KK540; LL900; KK100; KK110; SS200; FF100 CD: Plant-Composition; Control-by-Chemicals-and-Drugs; Human-Health-and-Hygiene-General; Parasites,-Vectors,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Humans; Forest-Products-Miscellaneous,-including-Minor-Forest-Products; Animal-Toxicology,-Poisoning-and-Pharmacology; Forestry-General; Silviculture; Agricultural-Products-Plant; Plant-Production PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0032-0943 UD: 950516 AN: 940307732 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 4 of 94 TI: Rooting responses of schefflera (Brassaia actinophylla) and Ficus benjamina cuttings to various media. AU: Siraj-Ali-MS; Abou-Dahab-AM AD: Department of Horticulture, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, El-Hassa, Saudi Arabia. SO: Annals-of-Agricultural-Science-Cairo. 1993, 38: 1, 275-282; 24 ref. PY: 1993 LA: English LS: Arabic AB: In trials with various media, the best rooting response (in terms of rooting percentage and root quality) of B. actinophylla [Schefflera actinophylla] and F. benjamina cuttings was obtained in 50% peatmoss + 50% sand and 75% peatmoss + 25% sand, respectively. DE: roots-; plant-development; cuttings-; rooting-; growing-media; peat-; sand-; utilization-; propagation-; ornamental-plants OD: Schefflera-actinophylla; Ficus-benjamina BT: plants; Schefflera; Araliaceae; Apiales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales CC: FF160; JJ900 CD: Plant-Propagation; Soil-Cultivation PT: Journal-article IS: 0570-1783 UD: 950516 AN: 940307754 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 5 of 94 TI: Occurrence of respiration during photosynthesis in leaves of Setcreasea purpurea Boom and Ficus benjamina L. AU: Poskuta-JW; Sojka-E AD: Department of Plant Physiology II, Biology Faculty, University of Warsaw, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland. SO: Acta-Physiologiae-Plantarum. 1992, 14: 1, 29-34; 11 ref. PY: 1992 LA: English AB: The rates of net photosynthesis (Pn), dark respiration (DR), CO2 compensation point (GAMMA) and transpiration (T) were determined in detached leaves of S. purpurea [S. pallida] and F. benjamina. These species have hypostomatal leaves and differ greatly in the number and size of stomata. In an atmosphere of 1% O2, the Pn rate was 48.0 and 43.9% higher in S. purpurea and F. benjamina, respectively, than in an atmosphere containing 21% O2. The values of GAMMA were reduced in 1% O2 as compared with 21% O2 from 69 and 71 to 42 and 51 cm3 CO2 m-3 in S. purpurea and F. benjamina, respectively. At saturating light intensity, these plants exhibited Pn and DR rates about 20-30 times lower than in cultivated agricultural species. However, the ratio of Pn:T in these plants was similar to those in crop plants. The results indicate that in the examined species dark respiration continues during photosynthesis and that stomatal resistance is not a limiting factor in gaseous exchange. It is concluded that these species might serve as valuable material for the study of the relationships between photosynthesis, photorespiration and respiration in plants. DE: pot-plants; transpiration-; carbon-dioxide; compensation-point; photosynthesis-; physiology-; respiration-; photorespiration-; stomata-; oxygen-; ornamental-plants; ornamental-woody-plants; ornamental-herbaceous-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina ID: Setcreasea-pallida RN: 124-38-9; 7782-44-7 BT: plants; ornamental-plants; woody-plants; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms CC: FF060 CD: Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry PT: Journal-article IS: 0137-5881 UD: 950516 AN: 940308885 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 6 of 94 TI: Effect of bench heating on crop responses. AU: Vogelezang-J AD: Research Station for Floriculture, Linnaeuslaan 2a, 1431 JU Aalsmeer, Netherlands. SO: Acta-Horticulturae. 1990, No. 272, 133-136; Proceedings of the International Symposium on Bedding and Pot Plant Culture, East Lansing, Michigan, USA, 29 Apr.-4 May, 1989 [edited by Heins, R. D.]; 3 ref. PY: 1990 LA: English AB: Ficus benjamina, Schefflera arboricola cv. Compacta, Spathiphyllum and Guzmaria minor [G. lingulata] cv. Empire were grown on heated aluminium benches with root-zone temperatures of 18ø, 25ø or 30øC and a greenhouse air temperature of 18-19ø. Growth rates of Ficus benjamina and S. arboricola were increased with root-zone temperatures of 25ø and 30ø compared with a root-zone temperature of 18ø. A great part of the total heating demand for these crops can be supplied with heated benches. A root-zone temperature of 30ø decreased the number of side shoots and flowering rate in Spathiphyllum and reduced flower quality in G. minor. Highest flowering percentage and flower quality in G. minor was obtained with a root-zone temperature of 25ø. DE: temperature-; protected-cultivation; staging-; heating-systems; flowering- OD: Ficus-benjamina; Schefflera-arboricola; Spathiphyllum-; guzmania-lingulata ID: Bedding-and-pot-plant-culture BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Schefflera; Araliaceae; Apiales; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Guzmania; Bromeliaceae; Bromeliales CC: FF100 CD: Plant-Production PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 IB: 90-6605-234-1 UD: 950516 AN: 940309206 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 7 of 94 TI: A role for decaying leaves in mitigating the harmful effects of acid rain. AU: Salim-R; Khalaf-S AD: Chemistry Department, An-Najah University, Nablus, PO Box 7, West Bank, Via Israel. SO: Journal-of-Environmental-Science-and-Health.-Part-A,-Environmental-Science-and-Engineering. 1994, A29: 1, 115-127; 14 ref. PY: 1994 LA: English AB: The ability of leaves of 5 species to neutralize acid rain was studied by measuring the pH and buffering capacity of leaf suspensions. The effect of dilution on the buffering capacity was also determined. The buffering capacity in decreasing order was Ficus benjamina ¯ Cupressus sempervirens = Eucalyptus longifolia > Pinus halepensis = Quercus calliprinos. DE: forest-litter; litter-plant; foliage-; buffering-capacity; acid-rain; forest-trees OD: Quercus-; Eucalyptus-; ficus-benjamina; Cupressus-sempervirens; Pinus-halepensis ID: Eucalyptus-longifolia; Quercus-calliprinos BT: trees; woody-plants; Spermatophyta; plants; Fagaceae; Fagales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Myrtaceae; Myrtales; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Cupressus; Cupressaceae; Pinopsida; gymnosperms; Pinus; Pinaceae CC: KK100; PP600; FF060 CD: Forestry-General; Pollution-and-Degradation; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry PT: Journal-article IS: 0360-1226 UD: 950516 AN: 940606346 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 8 of 94 TI: Four new species of lac insects of the genera Metatachardia and Kerria from China (Homoptera: Tachardiidae). AU: Zhang-ZS AD: Institute of Lac, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Wang Da Qiao, Kunming, Yunnan 650 216, China. SO: Oriental-Insects. 1993, 27: 273-286; 7 ref. PY: 1993 LA: English AB: Metatachardia sinensis sp. nov. (from Ficus benjamina, Eriolaena malvacea and Dalbergia sp. in Yunnan), M. hunanensis sp. nov. (from Mallotus philippensis in Hunan), Metatachardia fukienensis sp. nov. (from Litchi chinensis and Mallotus philippensis in Fukien) and Kerria mengdingensis sp. nov. (from F. benjamina and F. lacor in Yunnan) are described from China. DE: medicinal-plants; subtropical-tree-fruits; food-plants; taxonomy-; new-species; fruit-crops; agricultural-entomology OD: Hemiptera-; insects-; mallotus-euphorbiaceae; Ficus-benjamina; Dalbergia-; Mallotus-philippensis; Litchi-chinensis; Ficus-; Kerriidae-; arthropods- GE: Yunnan-; Hunan-; Fujian-; China- ID: Eriolaena-malvacea; Metatachardia-sinensis; Metatachardia-hunanensis; Metatachardia-fukienensis; Kerria-mengdingensis; Ficus-lacor BT: plants; insects; arthropods; invertebrates; animals; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Papilionoideae; Fabaceae; Fabales; Mallotus-Euphorbiaceae; Litchi; Sapindaceae; Sapindales; Coccoidea; Sternorrhyncha; Homoptera; Hemiptera; South-Western-China; China; Developing-Countries; East-Asia; Asia; Central-Southern-China; Eastern-China CC: FF600; ZZ380 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Taxonomy-and-Evolution PT: Journal-article IS: 0030-5316 UD: 950516 AN: 941107347 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 9 of 94 TI: The Cuban-laurel thrips (Gynaikothrips ficorum Marchal, 1908) in greenhouses in Czechoslovakia. OT: Trubenka fikusova (Gynaikothrips ficorum Marchal, 1908) ve sklenicich v Ceskoslovensku. AU: Pelikan-J AD: Ustav Systematicke a Ekologicke Biol. CSAV, Kvetna 8, 600 00 Brno, Czechoslovakia. SO: Ochrana-Rostlin. 1991, 27: 3-4, 287-291; 4 ref. PY: 1991 LA: Czech LS: English AB: A description is given of Gynaikothrips ficorum, introduced from Cuba into greenhouses in the former Czechoslovakia with infested Ficus nitida [F. benjamina] seedlings in 1989, together with a short account of its distribution, food-plants, biology, injuriousness and control. The adults feed on young soft, light-green leaves, causing sunken reddish spots along the midrib. The leaf curls and becomes hard. The new generation develops in curled leaf galls. When numbers are low, control can be achieved by plucking and burning infested leaves, otherwise with Metathion E 50 (fenitrothion) applied at 0.2%. DE: insect-pests; plant-pests; damage-; symptoms-; pest-control; insect-control; cultural-control; chemical-control; insecticides-; fenitrothion-; biology-; greenhouse-crops OD: ficus-benjamina; Gynaikothrips-ficorum; Phlaeothripidae-; Thysanoptera- GE: Czech-Republic; Slovakia-; Cuba-; Czechoslovakia- RN: 122-14-5 BT: insects; arthropods; invertebrates; animals; arthropod-pests; pests; pesticides; organothiophosphate-insecticides; organophosphorus-insecticides; insecticides; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Gynaikothrips; Phlaeothripidae; Thysanoptera; Developed-Countries; Central-Europe; Europe; Latin-America; Developing-Countries; Greater-Antilles; Caribbean; America CC: FF600; LL300; HH400 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Animal-Behaviour; Control-by-Chemicals-and-Drugs PT: Journal-article UD: 950516 AN: 942309059 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 10 of 94 TI: Greenhouse heating with waste water in mild winter climatic conditions. AU: Malfa-G-la; Noto-G; Parrini-F; Casarotti-D; Pulvirenti-S; Cocilovo-M; La-Malfa-G; Tognoni-F (ed.); Serra-G (ed.); Monteiro-A AD: Istituto di Orticoltura e Floricoltura, Universita di Catania, Catania, Italy. SO: Protected cultivation. Proceedings of the XXIIIrd international horticultural congress held in Florence, Italy, 30 August 1990. Acta-Horticulturae. 1992, No. 303, 39-46; 6 ref. PY: 1992 LA: English AB: The use of waste water for heating a 200-m2 plastic tunnel used for the cultivation of ornamental plants in a Mediterranean climate was studied. The effect of this method of heating on soil and air temperature in the greenhouse was examined. Water at 20-25øC was passed through a simple polyethylene pipe network 15cm below the soil surface from winter to late spring. The heat exchange area was 0.19 m2 per m2 of soil. The suitability of the system for use in the cultivation of various ornamental pot plants was examined. The waste water heating system proved to be a good approach in terms of energy conservation and research results indicated that it improved thermal conditions so as to allow cultivation of various ornamental pot plants without need for a backup system. DE: soil-heating; environmental-control; energy-conservation; heating-systems; greenhouses-; waste-heat-utilization; waste-water; ornamental-plants; Protected-cultivation; Mediterranean-Climate OD: Aucuba-japonica; Dieffenbachia-exotica; Ficus-benjamina; Codiaeum-variegatum; Cordyline-fruticosa; Dracaena-marginata; Euonymus-japonicus; Sansevieria-trifasciata ID: International-horticultural-congress BT: plants; Aucuba; Cornaceae; Cornales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Dieffenbachia; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Codiaeum; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales; Cordyline; Agavaceae; Liliales; Dracaena; Euonymus; Celastraceae; Celastrales; Sansevieria CC: NN310; PP100; FF100; NN300 CD: Environmental-Control-in-Structures; Energy; Plant-Production; Farm-and-Horticultural-Structures PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 UD: 950516 AN: 942402367 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 11 of 94 TI: Symptoms of boron toxicity induced in foliage plants. AU: Poole-RT; Conover-CA; Steinkamp-K AD: Central Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703, USA. SO: Proceedings of the 104th annual meeting of the Florida State Horticultural Society, Miami Beach, Florida, 29-31 Oct. 1991. Proceedings-of-the-Florida-State-Horticultural-Society. 1991, publ. 1992, 104: 301-303; 8 ref. PY: 1991 LA: English AB: Since B can be present in water, potting ingredients and fertilizers, there is a possibility of plants accumulating toxic levels of the element. Research was conducted to determine B tolerance levels and toxicity symptoms of 12 popular foliage plants. The results showed a wide range of tolerance levels. Aglaonema cv. Silver Queen exhibited foliage damage after one application, whereas Ficus benjamina became chlorotic after 5 applications. Foliar damage and foliar B concentration induced by excess B is described for each species. Boron toxicity symptoms developed on mature foliage, usually starting as chlorotic leaf tips or chlorotic patches at leaf margins near the leaf base and eventually turned necrotic and leaves sometimes dropped. In some species, symptoms consisted of dark lesions surrounded by chlorotic patches scattered across foliage. DE: boron-; toxicity-; foliage-plants; leaves-; injuries-; plant-nutrition; chlorosis- OD: Aglaonema-; Ficus-benjamina ID: Florida-State-Horticultural-Society RN: 7440-42-8 BT: Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons CC: FF061 CD: Plant-Nutrition PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0886-7283 UD: 950516 AN: 940311238 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 12 of 94 TI: Ficus benjamina: shorter growing period and better quality with the help of assimilation light. OT: Ficus benjamina: kurzere Kultur und bessere Qualitaten mit Hilfe von Assimilationslicht. AU: Hell-B-ter; Ludolph-D; Hendriks-L; Ter-Hell-B AD: Lehr- und Versuchsanstalt fur Gartenbau, Ahlem, 3000 Hannover 91, Germany. SO: Gartenbau-Magazin. 1992, 1: 5, 32-34; 2 col. pl.; 2 ref. PY: 1992 LA: German AB: Plant surface area and leaf and shoot numbers of F. benjamina grown under normal daylight conditions (30 klx h/day) in the greenhouse increased as supplementary light during the winter months increased from 45 to 120 klx h/day. Supplementary light administered from Dec. to Mar. reduced the growing time by up to 6 weeks. Low intensity light (3 klx) over 24 h had almost the same effect as 6 klx for 12 h or 9 klx for 8 h. F. benjamina plants appeared to benefit from supplementary light at any time of day or night, thus enabling low tariff electricity rates to be exploited. High levels of supplementary light caused chlorotic streaks on the leaves, particularly when the temperature was >20øC, but these usually disappeared within a few weeks. Plants that had been exposed to relatively high light intensities did not develop chlorosis or necrosis during the following summer and the customary shading of the plants at that time was considered necessary only where the natural light threshold value was >50 klx. DE: supplementary-light; pot-plants; plant-development; light-intensity; forest-trees OD: Ficus-benjamina BT: trees; woody-plants; Spermatophyta; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms CC: FF100; KK100 CD: Plant-Production; Forestry-General PT: Journal-article UD: 950516 AN: 940311603 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 13 of 94 TI: Influence of postharvest light level on leaf drop and leaf necrosis of Ficus benjamina 'Starlight'. AU: Mulderij-GE AD: Research Station for Floriculture, 1431 JV Aalsmeer, Netherlands. SO: Acta-Horticulturae. 1991, No. 298, 153-159; Hortifroid. Fifth international symposium on postharvest physiology of ornamental plants. Importance of cold in ornamental horticulture, Nice, France, 11-15 Mar. 1991.; 7 ref. PY: 1991 LA: English LS: French AB: F. benjamina (cv. Starlight) plants were placed in simulated transport conditions of 17øC, 60-80% RH and total darkness for 7 or 14 days. Plants were not watered during this period. Plants were then transferred to simulated interior environments at 20øC, 60% RH and a light intensity of 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 or 6.0 W/m2 from cool white fluorescent lamps for 12 h/day. Plants were watered as necessary. Control plants were moved directly from the greenhouse to the interior environment. Leaf drop and leaf necrosis were measured at the time of removal from simulated transport and at weekly intervals for 10 weeks. Leaf drop and leaf necrosis were significantly higher in plants placed under the lowest light intensity than in plants placed under higher light intensities. Transport simulation increased leaf drop and leaf necrosis, with 14 days having more effect than 7 days. At the end of 10 weeks, 358 leaves/plant had dropped in plants under 1.5 W/m2 and subjected to 14 days, simulated transport, compared with 34 leaves/plant for control plants at 6.0 W/m2. The total number of leaves at the start of the experiment was approx. 748. The effect of transport on leaf drop disappeared after about 6 weeks in all plants except those placed under 1.5 W/m2. DE: pot-plants; transport-; Leaves-; drop-; injuries-; damage-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina ID: Hortifroid; International-symposium-on-postharvest-physiology-of-ornamental-plants BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta CC: FF000; NN460; SS200 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Cleaning,-Grading,-Transport-and-Handling-Equipment-Animal-and-Plant; Agricultural-Products-Plant PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 IB: 90-6605-484-0 UD: 950316 AN: 930319021 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 14 of 94 TI: Responses to elevated carbon dioxide in artificial tropical ecosystems. AU: Korner-C; Arnone-JA III AD: Dep. Bot., Univ. Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland. SO: Science-Washington. 1992, 257: 5077, 1672-1675; 35 ref. PY: 1992 LA: English AB: Carbon, nutrient, and water balance as well as key plant and soil processes were simultaneously monitored over 3 months for 4 identically-structured populations of 43 plants representing 15 tropical plant species in 17-m3 greenhouses treated with low (340 æl) or high (610 æl) CO2 per litre. The plant species included trees and shrubs (Cecropia peltata, Theobroma cacao, Ficus benjamina, Piper tiliaefolium), vines and ground creepers (e.g. P.nigrum, F.pumila) and 6 herbaceous monocots, and formed a simulated tropical rain forest. Despite vigorous growth, (total biomass increased from about 700 to 1500 g/m2), no significant differences in stand biomass (of either the understorey or overstorey), leaf area index, nitrogen or water consumption, or leaf stomatal behaviour were detected between ambient and elevated CO2 treatments. Major responses under elevated CO2 included massive starch accumulation in the tops of canopies, increased fine-root production, and a doubling of CO2 evolution from the soil. Stimulated rhizosphere activity was accompanied by increased loss of soil carbon and increased mineral nutrient leaching. Results suggest that elevated CO2 may not necessarily lead to greater carbon sequestering by terrestrial ecosystems, but may result in greater carbon turnover. DE: Humid-tropics; Greenhouse-effect; Ecology-; ecosystems-; responses-; carbon-dioxide-enrichment; Atmosphere-; Carbon-cycle; Tropical-forests; simulation-; Tropics-; cocoa- OD: Theobroma-cacao; Ficus-benjamina; Piper-nigrum; Ficus-pumila ID: Cecropia-peltata; Piper-tiliaefolium BT: Theobroma; Sterculiaceae; Malvales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Piper; Piperaceae; Piperales CC: ZZ330; PP500; ZZ331; KK100; FF062; FF061; JJ200; JJ100; ZZ100 CD: General-Ecology; Meteorology-and-Climate; Plant-Ecology; Forestry-General; Plant-Water-Relations; Plant-Nutrition; Soil-Chemistry-and-Mineralogy; Soil-Biology; Mathematics-and-Statistics PT: Journal-article IS: 0036-8075 UD: 950316 AN: 931974681 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 15 of 94 TI: Modification of a simple fractal tree growth scheme: implications on growth, variation and evolution. AU: Berger-DS AD: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, P.O. Box 909, Piscataway, NJ 08855-0909, USA. SO: Journal-of-Theoretical-Biology. 1991, 152: 4, 513-529; 13 ref. PY: 1991 LA: English AB: A tree growth model is described which includes a biological constraint called the Tree Ratio (total tree mass: total leaf surface area). Variation and growth in two closely related, yet very different, Ficus species (F. elastica and F. benjamina) was examined by changing model parameters based on tree energy needs. Ficus model generation, and implications for evolution in Ficus, are discussed. DE: Broadleaves-; Habit-; simulation- OD: Ficus-elastica; Ficus-benjamina BT: dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales CC: KK100; ZZ100; FF030 CD: Forestry-General; Mathematics-and-Statistics; Plant-Morphology-and-Structure PT: Journal-article IS: 0022-5193 UD: 950316 AN: 930665295 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 16 of 94 TI: Morphological and physiological characteristics of Leea coccinia and Leea rubra in response to light flux. AU: Sarracino-JM; Merritt-R; Chin-CK AD: Department of Horticulture, Rutgers University, Cook College, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA. SO: HortScience. 1992, 27: 5, 400-403; 22 ref. PY: 1992 LA: English AB: Two foliage plant species, L. coccinia and L. rubra, were evaluated for survival and morphological and physiological changes in response to low light flux (32, 63 or 92% shade) for 124 d. Both species of Leea survived in light as low as that survived by Ficus benjamina. L. coccinia, L. rubra and F. benjamina plants grown in 92% shade had lower total FW and DW, smaller leaf area and thinner leaves than plants grown in full sun. Plants of all 3 species in 82% shade were shorter and narrower, and had fewer growing points than plants in full sun. Plants of L. coccinia grown in 92% shade contained more total chlorophyll and more chlorophyll a and b, and they had a lower chlorophyll a:b ratio than plants grown in full sun. Anthocyanin content in L. rubra plants grown in 92% shade was lower than that of plants grown in full sun. Plants of F. benjamina grown in 92% shade contained more total chlorophyll and more chlorophyll a and b than plants grown in full sun. DE: pot-plants; production-; cultural-methods; shade-; responses-; Light-; light-intensity; foliage-plants; Chlorophyll-; metabolism-; Anthocyanins-; plant-pigments; flavonoids-; Growth-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina ID: Leea; Leea-coccinea; Leea-rubra RN: 1406-65-1 BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta CC: FF000; FF060 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry PT: Journal-article IS: 0018-5345 UD: 950316 AN: 930320485 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 17 of 94 TI: Light acclimatization potential of Leea coccinia and Leea rubra grown under low light flux. AU: Sarracino-JM; Merritt-R; Chin-CK AD: Department of Horticulture, Rutgers University, Cook College, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA. SO: HortScience. 1992, 27: 5, 404-406; 10 ref. PY: 1992 LA: English AB: Two foliage plant species, L. coccinia and L. rubra, had lower light compensation points and faster rates of acclimatization than Ficus benjamina when moved from full sun to dense shade, i.e. from 15.7 to 0.26 or 0.09 mol m-2 day-1. Light compensation points were reduced by up to 75% for L. coccinia and by up to 71% for L. rubra after 25 d under these conditions. Uptake of CO2 increased from 65% to 179% and 34% to 118% for L. coccinia and L. rubra, while respiration rates were reduced from 73% and 76% to 59% and 68%, respectively. F. benjamina plants died under similar conditions. DE: pot-plants; production-; cultural-methods; shade-; responses-; Light-; light-intensity; foliage-plants; Acclimatization-; Respiration-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina ID: Leea; Leea-coccinea; Leea-rubra BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta CC: FF060 CD: Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry PT: Journal-article IS: 0018-5345 UD: 950316 AN: 930320486 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 18 of 94 TI: Characterization of plant epidermal lens effects by a surface replica technique. AU: Martin-G; Myers-DA; Vogelmann-TC AD: Botany Department, University Station, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. SO: Journal-of-Experimental-Botany. 1991, 42: 238, 581-587; 9 ref. PY: 1991 LA: English AB: Optical replicas of the surfaces of Medicago sativa, Begonia bowerae, Ficus benjamina, Bambousa sp., Trifolium repens, Smilacina stellata, Thermopsis montana and Mahonia repens leaves were made for characterizing the lens properties of individual epidermal cells. Using a dental latex, moulds were made of leaf surfaces and subsequently used to produce agarose replicas. The replicas focused light in a manner similar to intact epidermal cells and it was possible to measure both focal lengths and intensifications within leaf replicas of T. montana, M. repens and S. stellata which had epidermal cells of different diameter. Focal lengths ranged from 74-130 æm which indicated that light was concentrated within the underlying photosynthetic tissues of these leaves. Focal intensifications were measured sensiometrically and were 1.5 for T. montana and 2.6 for the other species. These values compared favourably with calculated focal lengths and measurements taken from isolated epidermal layers. The results indicated that the epidermis can concentrate light within the leaf to amounts well in excess of ambient light. The replicas faithfully reproduced fine anatomical details from the contrasting species analysed and provided a non-destructive way to reproduce surface characteristics for anatomical and physiological studies. DE: Plant-morphology; leaves-; light-; distribution-; penetration-; determination-; techniques-; lucerne- OD: Medicago-sativa; Trifolium-repens BT: Medicago; Leguminosae; Fabales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Trifolium CC: ZZ900; FF030 CD: Techniques-and-Methodology; Plant-Morphology-and-Structure PT: Journal-article IS: 0022-0957 UD: 950316 AN: 930762361 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 19 of 94 TI: Some new host records of fungi from India, 1. AU: Patil-NN AD: Department of Botany, C. T. Bora College, Shirur-Ghodnadi, Tal: Shirur, Dist. Pune 412 210, India. SO: Indian-Phytopathology. 1991, 44: 4, 559. PY: 1991 LA: English AB: The following host records are reported from India: Amerosporium polynematoides on Ficus benjamina; Diplocarpon rosae on Rosa damascena; and Cintractia limitata on Cyperus pangore. DE: plant-pathology OD: Ficus-benjamina; Rosa-damascena; Diplocarpon-rosae GE: India- ID: Amerosporium-polynematoides; Cyperus-pangore; Cintractia-limitata BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Rosa; Rosaceae; Rosales; Diplocarpon; Helotiales; Ascomycotina; Eumycota; fungi; South-Asia; Asia CC: FF600 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants PT: Journal-article IS: 0367-973X UD: 950316 AN: 932331058 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 20 of 94 TI: Optimization of nutrition and assimilation lighting for growing hothouse plants. OT: Optimalisatie voeding en assimilatiebelichting bij de teelt van warme kasplanten. AU: Beel-E; Bruyn-P-de; De-Bruyn-P AD: Proefstation voor de Tuinbouw-B.V.O., 9070 Destelbergen, Ghent, Belgium. SO: Verbondsnieuws-voor-de-Belgische-Sierteelt. 1991, 35: 19, 1141-1146. PY: 1991 LA: Dutch AB: Plants of Ficus benjamina, Schefflera cv. Trinette [Trinetta] and Dieffenbachia cv. Camille, in 13-cm-diameter pots containing a sphagnum peat medium, were grown with 8 different lighting regimes (comparing timings and light intensities) and up to 3 formulations of nutrient solution. The various treatments and combinations are shown for the 3 crops and data on plant growth responses are presented graphically. For F. benjamina and Schefflera, increasing the light intensity during the day had a more positive effect on growth than increasing the daylength; leaf formation in Schefflera and branching in F. benjamina were both enhanced. For Dieffenbachia extending the daylength by lighting during the latter part of the night, up to sunrise, was more beneficial than providing supplementary lighting during the day. The different liquid feeding treatments had no significant effect on plant height in any of the crops. However, the number of leaves in Dieffenbachia was increased when there was a higher proportion of nitrate-N than of ammonium-N in the solution. DE: Protected-cultivation; Soilless-culture; pot-plants; production-; cultural-methods; Light-; light-intensity; supplementary-light; Plant-; development-; photoperiod-; fertilizers-; nitrogen-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Schefflera-; Dieffenbachia- RN: 7727-37-9 BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Araliaceae; Apiales; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons CC: FF100 CD: Plant-Production PT: Journal-article IS: 0771-3851 UD: 950316 AN: 930321019 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 21 of 94 TI: Changes in pigment levels, Rubisco and respiratory enzyme activity of Ficus benjamina during acclimation to low irradiance. AU: Lance-CJ; Guy-CL AD: Environmental Horticulture Dept, Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0512, USA. SO: Physiologia-Plantarum. 1992, 86: 4, 630-638; 35 ref. PY: 1992 LA: English AB: The effect was studied of reduced irradiance on the activities of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) and respiratory enzymes. Rooted cuttings of the tropical epiphyte Ficus benjamina were grown in a shaded environment that excluded approximately 50% of the natural photosynthetically active irradiance (890 æmol m-2 s-1) for 4 months. Established plants were transferred and grown for 10 months under a range of irradiance levels with daily average maxima varying from a full-sun environment to 20% full sun (100%-1735; 50%-890; 40%-695; and 20%-303 æmol m-2 s-1). Chlorophyll, carotenoid and soluble protein content increased in leaves as irradiance level decreased, while Rubisco increased on a fresh weight basis but decreased on a protein basis. Glycolytic enzymes (enolase and pyruvate kinase) showed higher activities in full-sun plants on a protein and fresh weight basis. However, the activity of two mitochondrial enzymes, (aconitase and malute dehydrogenase) was not different under the various irradiance levels. When transferred to a very low irradiance environment (18 æmol m-2 s-1), mature leaves exhibited increased chlorophyll and carotenoid levels regardless of previous irradiance treatment. Exposure to a very low irradiance resulted in a large increase in enolase and pyruvate kinase activities. Only plants grown under full sun conditions showed a decline in Rubisco activity following growth at a very low irradiance. Together, these studies demonstrate the ability of mature leaves of F. benjamina to biochemically adjust photosynthetic and respiratory components over a wide range of irradiance. DE: Broadleaves-; Light-; plant-physiology; Plant-composition; enzymes-; chlorophyll-; carotenoids-; proteins-; Carbon-cycle; Photosynthesis-; Respiration-; Light-intensity; ribulose-bisphosphate-carboxylase; foliage-; phosphotransferases-; hydro-lyases; malate-dehydrogenase; Metabolism- OD: Ficus-benjamina RN: 1406-65-1; 9027-23-0; 9001-64-3 BT: dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales CC: KK100; FF060; FF040; PP500 CD: Forestry-General; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Plant-Composition; Meteorology-and-Climate PT: Journal-article IS: 0031-9317 UD: 950316 AN: 930667112 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 22 of 94 TI: Cryptogamic diseases of ornamental foliage plants. II contribution. OT: Malattie crittogamiche di piante da fogliame decorativo. II contributo. AU: D'-Aulerio-AZ; Valle-E-dalla; Badiali-G; Dalla-Valle-E AD: Facolta di Agraria, Bologna, Italy. SO: Informatore-Fitopatologico. 1992, 42: 10, 23-26; 6 ref. PY: 1992 LA: Italian AB: Microscopic observations of infected ornamental plant tissues collected during 1990-91 in Modena and Reggio Emilia provinces of Italy, and reisolations of pathogenic microorganisms from artificially inoculated healthy plants showed that all the plants tested, except Philodendron, Syngonium, Guzmania, Bilbergia and Chamaedorea, were infected by fungal pathogens. Dracaena sanderiana, D. deremensis, Dieffenbachia amoena, Ficus benjamina and Cocos nucifera were the most affected, by leaf spots, basal rot and grey mould. DE: Ornamental-plants; diseases-; plant-pathology; plant-pathogenic-fungi OD: fungi- GE: Italy- BT: plants; fungi; Southern-Europe; Europe; Mediterranean-Countries CC: FF600 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants PT: Journal-article IS: 0020-0735 UD: 950316 AN: 932333160 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 23 of 94 TI: An observation on teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) as a phorophyte. AU: Sas-Biswas; Sumer-Chandra; Biswas-S; Chandra-S AD: Systematic Botany, Botany Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun, India. SO: Indian-Forester. 1992, 118: 11, 871. PY: 1992 LA: English AB: During a study of the epiphytic flora of New Forest, Dehra Dun, Uttar Pradesh, Indian teak (Tectona grandis) was found acting as a phorophyte for several angiosperm species. These included Loranthaceous species such as Dendrophthoe falcata and other epiphytes such as Ficus benjamina and F. rumphii, Aerides multiflorum and Rhynchostylis retusa (Orchidaceae) and Pyrrosia sp. F. benjamina was found growing vigorously in dichotomous forks of both T. grandis and Burmese teak (T. hamiltoniana); Ficus spp. are known to strangle both teak species. DE: Broadleaves-; Epiphytes-; Mistletoes-; Synecology-; layer-structure; Parasitic-weeds; Weeds-; Woody-weeds; host-parasite-relationships OD: Aerides-multiflorum; Rhynchostylis-retusa; Orchidaceae-; Tectona-grandis; Ficus-benjamina; Ficus-rumphii; Dendrophthoe-falcata GE: India-; Uttar-Pradesh ID: Pyrrosia; Tectona-hamiltoniana BT: dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; parasitic-plants; weeds; woody-plants; Aerides; Orchidaceae; Orchidales; monocotyledons; Rhynchostylis; Tectona; Verbenaceae; Lamiales; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Dendrophthoe; Loranthaceae; Santalales; South-Asia; Asia; India CC: KK100; ZZ331; FF500; HH000 CD: Forestry-General; Plant-Ecology; Weeds-and-Noxious-Plants; Pathogen,-Pest-and-Parasite-Management-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0019-4816 UD: 950316 AN: 930668205 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 24 of 94 TI: Foliage plants: prolonging quality: postproduction care and handling. AU: Blessington-TM; Collins-PC SO: 1993, 203 pp.; many col. pl. PB: Ball Publishing; Batavia; USA PY: 1993 LA: English AB: Methods for prolonging the longevity and retaining the quality of foliage pot plants by growers, wholesalers, shippers, retailers and consumers are discussed. Specific recommendations are given for 60 foliage plant subjects (Adiantum, Aglaonema, Aphelandra squarrosa, Araucaria heterophylla, Asparagus densiflorus cv. Sprengeri, Aspidistra elatior, Asplenium nidus, Aucuba japonica cv. Variegata, Beaucarnea recurvata, Begonia rex-cultorum, Brassaia [Schefflera] actinophylla, Calathea makoyana, Chamaedorea elegans, Chlorophytum comosum cv. Variegatum, Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, Cissus rhombifolia, Codiaeum variegatum cv. Pictum, Coffea arabica, Cordyline terminalis [C. fruticosa], Crassula argentea [C. ovata], Cyrtomium falcatum, Dieffenbachia amoena, D. maculata, Dizygotheca elegantissima, Dracaena deremensis cultivars Janet Craig and Warneckii, D. fragrans cv. Massangeana, D. marginata, D. sanderiana, Epipremnum aureum [E. pinnatum], Fatsia japonica, Ficus benjamina, F. elastica cv. Decora, Fittonia verschaffeltii, Gynura aurantiaca, Hedera helix, Howeia forsteriana, Hoya carnosa cv. Variegata, Maranta leuconeura cv. Kerchoviana, Monstera deliciosa, Nephrolepis exaltata cv. Bostoniensis, Peperomia caperata, P. obtusifolia, Philodendron scandens cv. Oxycardium, Philodendron selloum [P. bipinnatifidum], Pilea cadierei, Pilea microphylla, Pittosporum tobira, Platycerium bifurcatum, Plectranthus australis [P. parviflorus], Polyscias balfouriana cv. Marginata, Rhapis excelsa, Rhoeo spathacea, Sansevieria trifasciata, Saxifraga stolonifera, Schefflera arboricola, Spathiphyllum, Syngonium podophyllum, Tolmiea menziesii and Zebrina pendula). DE: foliage-plants; pot-plants; longevity-; handling-; ornamental-plants; coffee- OD: Adiantum-; Aglaonema-; Aphelandra-squarrosa; Araucaria-heterophylla; Asparagus-densiflorus; Asplenium-nidus; Aucuba-japonica; Begonia-; Calathea-makoyana; Chlorophytum-comosum; Chrysalidocarpus-lutescens; Cissus-rhombifolia; Codiaeum-variegatum; Coffea-arabica; Cordyline-fruticosa; Crassula-ovata; Cyrtomium-falcatum; Dieffenbachia-amoena; Dieffenbachia-maculata; Dizygotheca-elegantissima; Dracaena-deremensis; Dracaena-fragrans; Dracaena-marginata; Dracaena-sanderiana; Epipremnum-pinnatum; Fatsia-japonica; Ficus-benjamina; Ficus-elastica; Fittonia-verschaffeltii; Hedera-helix; Howeia-forsteriana; Hoya-carnosa; Maranta-leuconeura; Monstera-deliciosa; Nephrolepis-exaltata; Peperomia-obtusifolia; Philodendron-bipinnatifidum; Pilea-cadierei; Pittosporum-tobira; Platycerium-bifurcatum; Plectranthus-parviflorus; Polyscias-balfouriana; Rhoeo-spathacea; Sansevieria-trifasciata; Saxifraga-stolonifera; Schefflera-arboricola; Spathiphyllum-; Syngonium-podophyllum; Tolmiea-menziesii; Zebrina-pendula ID: Aspidistra-elatior; Beaucarnea-recurvata; Schefflera-ctinophylla; Chamaedora-elegans; Gynura-aurantiaca; Peperomia-caperata; Pilea-microphylla; Rhapis-excelsa BT: plants; Adiantaceae; ferns; Pteridophyta; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Aphelandra; Acanthaceae; Scrophulariales; dicotyledons; Araucaria; Araucariaceae; Coniferae; gymnosperms; Asparagus; Liliaceae; Liliales; Asplenium; Aspleniaceae; Aucuba; Cornaceae; Cornales; Begoniaceae; Violales; Calathea; Marantaceae; Zingiberales; Chlorophytum; Chrysalidocarpus; Palmae; Arecales; Cissus; Vitidaceae; Rhamnales; Codiaeum; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales; Coffea; Rubiaceae; Rubiales; Cordyline; Agavaceae; Crassula; Crassulaceae; Rosales; Cyrtomium; Aspidiaceae; Dieffenbachia; Dizygotheca; Araliaceae; Apiales; Dracaena; Epipremnum; Fatsia; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Fittonia; Hedera; Howeia; Hoya; Asclepiadaceae; Gentianales; Maranta; Monstera; Nephrolepis; Oleandraceae; Peperomia; Piperaceae; Piperales; Philodendron; Pilea; Urticaceae; Pittosporum; Pittosporaceae; Platycerium; Polypodiaceae; Plectranthus; Labiatae; Lamiales; Polyscias; Rhoeo; Commelinaceae; Commelinales; Sansevieria; Saxifraga; Saxifragaceae; Schefflera; Syngonium; Tolmiea; Zebrina CC: FF000; SS200 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Agricultural-Products-Plant PT: Book IB: 0-9626796-9-0 UD: 950316 AN: 930324608 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 25 of 94 TI: Diurnal photosynthesis and transpiration of Ficus benjamina L. as affected by length of photoperiod, CO2 concentration and light level. AU: Mortensen-LM AD: Saerheim Research Station, 4062 Klepp Stasjon, Norway. SO: Acta-Agriculturae-Scandinavica.-Section-B,-Soil-and-Plant-Science. 1992, 42: 2, 100-105; 20 ref. PY: 1992 LA: English AB: The diurnal net photosynthesis of F. benjamina cv. Cleo was studied at different daylengths (12, 18 and 24 h), photosynthetic photon flux densities (40 and 120 æmol m-2 s-1 PPFD) and CO2 concentrations (350 and 700 æmol/mol). Net photosynthesis increased to a maximum after 5-6 and 6-7 h of light at 12- and 18-h photoperiods, respectively, followed by a decrease towards the end of the photoperiod. With an 18-h photoperiod similar diurnal curves were found at 350 and 700 æmol/mol CO2 and at 40 and 120 æmol m-2 s-1 PPFD. Five days after the photoperiod was changed from 18 to 24 h, the diurnal rhythm disappeared. Transpiration followed the same diurnal rhythm as that for photosynthesis. The water-use efficiency was enhanced by raising the CO2 concentration. A decrease in the CO2 concentration from 700 to 350 æmol/mol after 6 days at high CO2 concentration first significantly decreased the rate of photosynthesis, but 3 days later it reached the same level as that at high CO2. DE: Pot-plants; photosynthesis-; light-; carbon-dioxide; photoperiod-; diurnal-variation; light-intensity; responses-; transpiration-; broadleaves-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina RN: 124-38-9 BT: dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales CC: FF060; FF062; KK100 CD: Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Plant-Water-Relations; Forestry-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0001-5121 UD: 950316 AN: 930325441 CAB Abstracts 1993-1994 26 of 94 TI: Estimation of daily water requirements for potted ornamental crops. AU: Stanley-CD; Harbaugh-BK AD: Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Bradenton, FL 34203, USA. SO: HortTechnology. 1992, 2: 4, 454-456; 7 ref. PY: 1992 LA: English AB: The water use of 20 potted ornamental flowering, foliage and bedding plant species was measured directly, by a method in which plants were irrigated on capillary matting, and lysimetrically weighed after removal from the capillary matting and after 24 h on a non-irrigated bench. Regression equations were developed for the total daily water use of each species, with canopy height and width, flower height (in the case of Cyclamen persicum), and evaporative demand (estimated by pan evaporation) as input variables. Overall, the flowering plants, which had more uniform canopies, had the highest coefficients of determination (R2), and the foliage plants, which tended to have more open canopies, with fewer, larger leaves, had the lowest (averaging 0.82 and 0.67, respectively). When plotted, the actual and predicted results agreed much more closely for Begonia X hiemalis (Reiger begonia) than for Ficus benjamina, reflecting their R2 values (0.84 and 0.59, respectively). The R2 values for 6 cultivars of Tagetes patula and T. erecta also varied somewhat with growth habit. DE: water-use; ornamental-plants; irrigation-; requirements-; determination-; pot-plants; production-; cultural-methods; water-relations; irrigation-requirements; estimation-; ornamental-bulbs; ornamental-herbaceous-plants OD: Cyclamen-persicum; Begonia-hiemalis; Ficus-benjamina; Tagetes-patula; Tagetes-erecta BT: plants; ornamental-plants; Spermatophyta; Cyclamen; Primulaceae; Primulales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Begonia; Begoniaceae; Violales; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Tagetes; Compositae; Asterales CC: FF100; FF062; FF060; JJ800; FF000 CD: Plant-Production; Plant-Water-Relations; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Soil-Water-Management; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Journal-article UD: 950316 AN: 930325680 CAB Abstracts 1995 27 of 94 TI: Water exploitation in substrate profile during culture. AU: Martinez-FX; Canameras-N; Fabregas-FX; Vinals-M; Valero-J; Reis-M; Tattini-M AD: Escola Superior d'Agricultura, Barcelona, Spain. SO: International symposium on horticultural substrates other than soil in situ, Florence, Italy, 5-11 September 1992. Acta-Horticulturae. 1993, No. 342, 279-286; 5 ref. PY: 1993 LA: English AB: A special device was designed in order to study water and root distribution in the substrate profile of containers filled with an Estonian peat/perlite (3:1, v/v) mixture. A cubic root third degree polynomial was used to describe water release data at low tensions. From both regression function and container geometry water distribution at container capacity was predicted. Water exploitation in the substrate was studied during a 5-stage drying cycle from container capacity to 10 kPa tension. In containers without plants (Evaporation model) water content decreased from the bottom to the top of the profile in the drying stages. Relative water losses of the substrate segments were similar in each of the drying stages, suggesting that a segment released water according to its own water content at container capacity. Substrate density increased from the top to the bottom of the profile during the drying cycle. In containers planted with Ficus benjamina (Evapotranspiration model) coarse root density decreased from the top to the bottom, and fine roots tended to accumulate at the top and bottom of the segments. During the drying cycle, relative water content of substrate segments tended to be similar along the profile, indicating that root water uptake homogenized water distribution. Maximal water losses occurred in the two lowest segments. Water exploitation was discussed in relation to fine root distribution. Two kinds of substrate particle movement, downward and upward, were suggested. DE: root-systems; growing-media; water-relations; roots-; development-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina ID: International-symposium-on-horticultural-substrates-other-than-soil-in-situ BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta CC: JJ900; FF100 CD: Soil-Cultivation; Plant-Production PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 IB: 90-6605-435-2 UD: 960116 AN: 950315122 CAB Abstracts 1995 28 of 94 TI: Wind reduction efficiency of four types of windbreaks in the Malelane area. AU: Holmes-M; Koekemoer-J AD: ARC Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, ITSC, Post Bag X11208, Nelspruit 1200, South Africa. SO: Inligtingsbulletin -Instituut-vir-Tropiese-en-Subtropiese-Gewasse. 1994, No. 263, 16-20; 1 pl.; 8 ref. PY: 1994 LA: English AB: Four species of shelterbelt are well established on the Malelane Experimental Farm (25ø27'S., 31ø33'E., 380 m a.s.l.), namely Casuarina cunninghamiana, Pinus patula, Cupressus torulosa and Ficus benjamina. This area experiences severe winds throughout the year and citrus production is adversely affected, mainly through windscar damage to the fruit surface. Wind blemish damage was recorded by tagging 10 fruits/tree on each of 2 trees surrounding a wind totalizer placed 20 m leeward of each type of shelterbelt at a height of 3 m above ground level in 3 grapefruit orchards and a Valencia orange orchard. Citrus trees were at a standard spacing of 7 X 7 m, with an average height of 4 m; the shelterbelt trees averaged a height of 7 m, with a spacing between consecutive parallel plantings of 115 m. As a control, wind speed and direction data were obtained from a Woellfle recorder placed in a nearby open field. Wind totalizers were also placed 20, 40 and 50 m leewards of a F. benjamina shelterbelt. Results showed that C. cunninghamiana was the most effective species in reducing wind speed, with an average reduction within the orchards of 65% compared with the control. The least effective was F. benjamina, only reducing wind speed by about 44%. Compared with the other species, it gave a short, dense shelterbelt which generated turbulence. As the distance from the shelterbelt increased so the wind speed reduction efficiency decreased and at a distance of 50 m leeward this was only 30%, with a wind blemish fruit rating of 4.3. (A rating of 3 is regarded as the borderline for export quality fruits). All shelterbelts were more effective in reducing wind speed at low than at high wind speeds, implying the need to reduce the distance between consecutive shelterbelts and the inter-row spacing between shelterbelt trees. Findings confirmed that most fruit damage occurred during the first 12-14 weeks afer petal fall. Abrasion marks consistently accounted for a greater percentage of culled fruits than did scratch marks. The latter form of blemish typically occurred after the rind had hardened. DE: wind-damage; wind-speed; oranges-; grapefruits-; shelterbelts-; utilization-; wind-; injuries-; protection-; orchards-; windbreaks-; forest-trees; subtropical-fruits; citrus-fruits; fruit-crops OD: Citrus-sinensis; Citrus-paradisi; Ficus-benjamina; Casuarina-cunninghamiana; Pinus-patula; Cupressus-torulosa; Citrus- GE: South-Africa BT: trees; woody-plants; Spermatophyta; plants; Citrus; Rutaceae; Sapindales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Casuarina; Casuarinaceae; Casuarinales; Pinus; Pinaceae; Pinopsida; gymnosperms; Cupressus; Cupressaceae; Southern-Africa; Africa-South-of-Sahara; Africa; Anglophone-Africa; Developing-Countries; Threshold-Countries CC: FF100; KK140; KK600 CD: Plant-Production; Protection-Forestry; Agroforestry PT: Journal-article IS: 0250-1708 UD: 960116 AN: 950315322 CAB Abstracts 1995 29 of 94 TI: Herbivory on an ornamental fig by a neotropical moth. AU: Figueiredo-RA-de; Queiroz-JM-de; De-Figueiredo-RA; De-Queiroz-JM AD: Departamento de Botanica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 13081.970, Campinas, SP, Brazil. SO: Journal-of-the-Elisha-Mitchell-Scientific-Society. 1993, 109: 4, 197-199; 8 ref. PY: 1993 LA: English AB: Larvae of the sphingid Pachylia syces are reported damaging Ficus benjamina in an urban environment in Sao Paulo, Brazil, in 1991-92. In the laboratory, the larvae fed only on the leaves, mainly after 18.00 h, and the time taken to consume one leaf averaged 15.2 min. After about 30 days, larvae pupated on the ground. The pupal stage lasted 1-2 weeks. Of 16 larvae taken to the laboratory, 14 were parasitized by Apanteles sp. or a tachinid. Two species of birds were seen preying on larvae in the field. DE: ornamental-woody-plants; predators-; parasitoids-; biology-; insect-pests; plant-pests; hosts-; natural-enemies; prey-; habitats-; ornamental-plants; agricultural-entomology OD: Lepidoptera-; Sphingidae-; Hymenoptera-; Braconidae-; Diptera-; Ficus-benjamina; Apanteles-; Tachinidae-; birds-; arthropods- GE: Brazil-; Sao-Paulo ID: Pachylia; Pachylia-syces BT: ornamental-plants; plants; Spermatophyta; woody-plants; animals; parasites; insects; arthropods; invertebrates; arthropod-pests; pests; Lepidoptera; Hymenoptera; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Braconidae; Diptera; vertebrates; Chordata; South-America; America; Developing-Countries; Latin-America; Threshold-Countries; Brazil; Sphingidae CC: FF600; LL820; LL300 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Parasites,-Vectors,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Animals; Animal-Behaviour PT: Journal-article IS: 0013-6220 UD: 960116 AN: 951113627 CAB Abstracts 1995 30 of 94 TI: First report of anaphylactic reaction after fig (Ficus carica) ingestion. AU: Dechamp-C; Bessot-JC; Pauli-G; Deviller-P AD: Consultation d'Allergologie, Hopital Cardiologique, Lyon, France. SO: Allergy-Copenhagen. 1995, 50: 6, 514-516; 10 ref. PY: 1995 LA: English AB: An anaphylactic reaction which occurred very shortly after ingestion of a fresh fig is reported. The IgE-dependent mechanism was demonstrated on the basis of positivity of the prick test performed with fresh fig (Ficus carica) extract. In addition, specific IgE to the same extract were detected in the serum. The patient did not demonstrate sensitization to other common allergens involved in respiratory and food allergies. However, detection of specific IgE to F. benjamina indicated a sensitization to weeping fig. The CAP F. benjamina was partially inhibited by preincubation of the serum with fig extract, suggesting that these 2 species of Ficus share some common allergens. In this context, the assumption can be made that weeping fig was responsible for the initial sensitization in this patient. DE: anaphylaxis-; figs-; intake-; case-reports OD: man-; ficus-benjamina; ficus-carica; Ficus- BT: Homo; Hominidae; primates; mammals; vertebrates; Chordata; animals; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants CC: VV130 CD: Diet-and-Diet-related-Diseases PT: Journal-article IS: 0105-4538 UD: 960116 AN: 951414493 CAB Abstracts 1995 31 of 94 TI: Soil and biomass carbon pools in model communities of tropical plants under elevated CO2. AU: Arnone-JA III; Korner-C AD: Department of Botany, University of Basel, Schonbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. SO: Oecologia. 1995, 104: 1, 61-71; 51 ref. PY: 1995 LA: English AB: Four nutrient-limited model communities of moist tropical plant species were constructed in greenhouses (÷ 7 m2 each). Two ecosystems were exposed to 340 æl CO2/litre and two to 610 æl CO2/litre for 530 days of humid tropical growth conditions. Plant communities were initially established in C-free unwashed quartz sand. Soils were amended with known amounts of OM (containing C and nutrients). Mineral nutrients were also supplied over the course of the experiment as timed-release full-balance fertilizer pellets. Soils represented by far the largest repositories for fixed C in all ecosystems. Almost 5 times more C (÷ 80% of net C fixation) was sequestered in the soil than in the biomass, but this did not differ between CO2 treatments. At the whole-ecosystem level a small and statistically non-significant increase in C sequestration was found (+4%; the sum of C accretion in the soil, biomass, litter and necromass). Total community biomass more than quadrupled during the experiment, but at harvest was, on average, only 8% greater (i.e. 6% per year) under elevated CO2, mainly due to increased root biomass (+15%). Time courses of leaf area index of all ecosystems suggested that canopy expansion was approaching steady state by the time systems were harvested. Net primary productivity (NPP) of all ecosystems averaged 815 and 910 g m-2 year-1 at ambient and elevated CO2, resp. These NPPs are similar to those of many natural moist tropical forested ecosystems. Net productivity of soil organic matter reached 7000 g dry matter equivalent per m2 and year (i.e. 3500 g C m-2 year-1). Very slight yet statistically significant CO2-induced shifts in the abundance of groups of species occurred by the end of the experiment, with one group of species (Elettaria cardamomum, Ficus benjamina, F. pumila, Epipremnum pinnatum) gaining slightly, and another group (Ctenanthe lubbersiana, Heliconia humilis, Cecropia peltata) losing. The results showed that: (1) large amounts of C can be deposited in the ground which are normally not accounted for in estimates of NPP and net ecosystem productivity; (2) any enhancement of C sequestration under elevated atmospheric CO2 may be substantially smaller than is believed will occur (yet still very important), especially under growth conditions which permit close to natural NPP; and (3) species dominance in plant communities is likely to change under elevated CO2, but that changes may occur rather slowly. DE: humid-tropics; communities-; models-; carbon-; soil-; biomass-; tropics-; carbon-dioxide-enrichment OD: plants- RN: 7440-44-0 CC: JJ200; PP720; JJ100 CD: Soil-Chemistry-and-Mineralogy; Biological-Resources-Plant; Soil-Biology PT: Journal-article IS: 0029-8549 UD: 960116 AN: 951913170 CAB Abstracts 1995 32 of 94 TI: Studies on amenity of indoor plants. AU: Asaumi-H; Nishina-H; Hashimoto-Y; Matsuo-E (ed.); Relf-PD AD: College of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790, Japan. SO: Horticulture in human life, culture, and environment. XXIV International Horticultural Congress, 21-27 August 1994, Kyoto, Japan. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 391, 111-118; 4 ref. PY: 1995 LA: English AB: The transpiration rate, stomatal resistance and shading ratio of 8 ornamental foliage plant species (Rhapis humilis, Dracaena concinna cv. Tricolor, Schefflera arboricola cv. Hong Kong, Codiaeum variegatum cv. Aucubifolium, Ficus benjamina, Epipremnum aureum [E. pinnatum], D. fragrans cv. Massangeana and F. retusa) were measured. The transpiration rate of S. arboricola was significantly higher than that of the other species. D. fragrans cv. Massangeana transpired very little during the daytime. Shading ratios approached 1.0 except for S. arboricola and E. aureum. The effects of keeping S. arboricola cv. Hong Kong and D. fragrans cv. Massangeana in rooms on the thermal environment and comfort (for humans) were assessed. The air temperature in the room with S. arboricola was higher than in a similar room without plants. RH in a room where S. arboricola was dispersed throughout the room increased just as when S. arboricola plants were lined up at the southern end of the room. It is concluded that plants with high transpiration rates such as S. arboricola and F. retusa should be used to keep room RH high. DE: interior-decoration; relative-humidity; stomatal-resistance; ornamental-foliage-plants; foliage-plants; transpiration-; measurement-; ornamental-plants OD: Schefflera-arboricola; Codiaeum-variegatum; Ficus-benjamina; Epipremnum-pinnatum; Dracaena-fragrans; Ficus-retusa ID: Rhapis-humilis; Dracaena-concinna; Horticulture-in-human-life,-culture,-and-environment; Rhapis; Asparagales BT: ornamental-plants; plants; Schefflera; Araliaceae; Apiales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Codiaeum; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Epipremnum; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Dracaena; Agavaceae; Liliales; Arecaceae; Arecales CC: FF062 CD: Plant-Water-Relations PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 IB: 90-6605-456-5 UD: 960116 AN: 950313508 CAB Abstracts 1995 33 of 94 TI: Developing interior foliage plants for the improvement of air quality. AU: Wood-RA; Burchett-MD; Matsuo-E (ed.); Relf-PD AD: School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia. SO: Horticulture in human life, culture, and environment. XXIV International Horticultural Congress, 21-27 August 1994, Kyoto, Japan. Acta-Horticulturae. 1995, No. 391, 119-125; 15 ref. PY: 1995 LA: English AB: Ascorbic acid, chlorophyll a and b, and relative water contents and leaf extract pH were measured in 8 common indoor foliage plants (Spathiphyllum cv. Petite, Philodendron cv. Xanadu, Howea [Howeia] forsteriana, Aglaonema cv. Silver Queen, Ficus benjamina cultivars Shorty and Wintergreen, Homolomena [Homalomena] cv. Emerald Gem and Syngonium cv. Tiffany) to establish an air pollution tolerance index for each. DE: air-pollution; foliage-plants; ascorbic-acid; chlorophyll-; composition-; plant-; ornamental-plants OD: Spathiphyllum-; Philodendron-; Howeia-forsteriana; Aglaonema-; Ficus-benjamina; Homalomena-; Syngonium- ID: Horticulture-in-human-life,-culture,-and-environment RN: 50-81-7; 1406-65-1 BT: plants; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Howeia; Arecaceae; Arecales; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons CC: PP600; SS230 CD: Pollution-and-Degradation; Composition-and-Quality-of-Plant-Products PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 IB: 90-6605-456-5 UD: 960116 AN: 950313509 CAB Abstracts 1995 34 of 94 TI: Novel Ti plasmids in Agrobacterium strains isolated from fig tree and chrysanthemum tumors and their opinelike molecules. AU: Vaudequin-Dransart-V; Petit-A; Poncet-C; Ponsonnet-C; Nesme-X; Jones-JB; Bouzar-H; Chilton-WS; Dessaux-Y AD: Institut des Sciences Vegetales, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France. SO: Molecular-Plant-Microbe-Interactions. 1995, 8: 2, 311-321; 44 ref. PY: 1995 LA: English AB: Galls naturally induced on fig (Ficus benjamina) and chrysanthemum plants by strains of Agrobacterium contained, in addition to other well-characterized opines such as nopaline, 3 tumour-specific opine-like molecules. These molecules were identified as deoxy-fructosyl-glutamine (dfg), deoxy-fructosyl-5-oxo-proline (dfop) and chrysopine. Strains isolated from fig tree and chrysanthemum tumours harboured different and unrelated Ti plasmids as judged by hybridization with various vir and T-DNA probes. They also exhibited different opine-catabolic properties. The strains isolated from chrysanthemum plants (Chry strains) and fig trees degraded chrysopine, but only the Chry strains used dfg and dfop. Other strains of Agrobacterium catabolized these 2 molecules: dfg was degraded by most pathogenic and nonpathogenic Agrobacterium strains, and dfop by all Agrobacterium strains degrading the opine agropinic acid. It is suggested that these results have strong ecological and evolutionary inferences which fit previous speculation on the origin of opine-related functions. DE: ornamental-plants; plant-pathogens; plant-pathogenic-bacteria; plant-diseases; chrysanthemums-; plasmid-vectors; plant-pathology OD: Ficus-benjamina; Agrobacterium-; bacteria- ID: ornamental-herbaceous-plants; opines BT: plants; pathogens; bacteria; prokaryotes; plant-pathogens; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Gram-negative-bacteria; Rhizobiaceae; Gracilicutes CC: FF600; WW000 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Biotechnology PT: Journal-article IS: 0894-0282 UD: 960116 AN: 952309132 CAB Abstracts 1995 35 of 94 TI: Evaluation of a Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration model for the plant-dependent control of the water supply for hothouse plants. OT: Test van een Penman-Monteith evapotranspiratie-model voor de plantafhankelijke controle van de watergift bij warme kasplanten. AU: Fredrick-F; Lemeur-R; Zhang-L; Zhang-Lu AD: Faculteit Landbouwwetenschappen, Universiteit Gent, 9000 Gent, Belgium. SO: Revue-de-l'Agriculture. 1992, 45: 1, 41-57; 10 ref. PY: 1992 LA: Dutch LS: French, English AB: A new concept for automating irrigation in heated greenhouses was developed and tested with pot plants of Ficus benjamina. For precision control 2 plant parameters, viz. the stomatal resistance and the size of the transpiring leaf surface, were introduced into the Penman-Monteith model. Stomatal resistance was calculated by fitting a function of solar radiation and leaf-air vapour pressure deficit to porometer measurements of stomatal resistance. The total transpiring surface was calculated using a Richards growth function based on accumulated values for shortwave radiation instead of time; this growth function provided very good estimates during both summer and winter. To validate the model, daily sums of calculated evapotranspiration values for 31 selected days were compared with the actual water consumption measured with an automatic weighing system. The deviation was very small (around 4%). DE: protected-cultivation; evapotranspiration-; irrigation-; mathematical-models; pot-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants CC: PP500; FF062 CD: Meteorology-and-Climate; Plant-Water-Relations PT: Journal-article IS: 0776-2143 UD: 960116 AN: 950306014 CAB Abstracts 1995 36 of 94 TI: Effects of high temperatures and DIF on potted foliage plants. AU: Jensen-HEK; Andersen-H; Blacquiere-T (ed.); Bakker-JA AD: Department of Floriculture, Research Centre for Horticulture, Arslev, Denmark. SO: First European workshop on thermo- and photomorphogenesis in the cultivation of ornamentals, Aalsmeer, Netherlands, 5-7 Nov. 1990. Acta-Horticulturae. 1992, No. 305, 27-36; 4 ref. PY: 1992 LA: English AB: Nine species of potted plant were subjected to 4 neutral DIF levels with day/night temperatures of 21/21, 25/25, 29/29, 33/33øC and 2 negative DIF treatments 23/29, 27/33ø, the DIF being -6ø in both cases. The plant species were Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, Codiaeum variegatum cv. Norma, Dracaena deremensis, Dracaena fragrans, Epipremnum pinnatum, Ficus benjamina cv. Cleo, Ficus elastica cv. Robusta, Ficus pumila cv. Sonny and Radermachera sinica. The effects of temperature on internode length, lateral shoot production, leaf production and area are reported. Plant production time was either not unaffected or prolonged depending on plant species. DE: foliage-plants; temperature-; protected-cultivation; cultural-methods; pot-plants CC: FF100 CD: Plant-Production PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 IB: 90-6605-045-4 UD: 960116 AN: 950306554 CAB Abstracts 1995 37 of 94 TI: Transpiration of Ficus benjamina: comparison of measurements with predictions of the Penman-Monteith model and a simplified version. AU: Bailey-BJ; Montero-JI; Biel-C; Wilkinson-DJ; Anton-A; Jolliet-O AD: Silsoe Research Institute, Wrest Park, Bedford MK45 4HS, UK. SO: Agricultural-and-Forest-Meteorology. 1993, 65: 3-4, 229-243; 15 ref. PY: 1993 LA: English AB: The transpiration rate of F. benjamina plants were measured in 2 greenhouse experiments, one conducted in the UK in May, the other in Spain during July. Transpiration was determined by weighing, and simultaneous measurements were made of solar and net radiation, air speed, wet and dry bulb air temperatures and stomatal resistance. Values of stomatal resistance measured during the experiment in Spain were related to solar irradiance. The leaf external resistance obtained from an energy balance analysis was found to agree more closely with values obtained for forced convection than for free convection. Solar irradiance and net radiation were found to be very similar in the greenhouse during the day. The Penman-Monteith equation was used to predict potential transpiration of the plants at the 2 experimental sites. Over the daylight period, the mean differences between the measured and predicted transpiration rates for the UK and Spain experiments were 2.8 and 3.2%, respectively, with root mean square deviations of 20 W/m2. The Penman-Monteith equation was simplified by introducing parameter values appropriate to greenhouse conditions and it was also generalized by explicitly incorporating the temperature dependence of the major temperature sensitive variables. The resulting equation required values only for the temperature and vapour pressure deficit of the air, global or net radiation, leaf area index and the leaf characteristic dimension. Without adjusting any other parameters this simplified equation predicted the transpiration of F. benjamina in Spain and the UK to within ñ5%. DE: mathematical-models; simulation-models; transpiration-; models-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina GE: UK-; Spain- BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Developed-Countries; British-Isles; Western-Europe; Europe; Commonwealth-of-Nations; European-Union-Countries; OECD-Countries; Mediterranean-Region; Southern-Europe CC: ZZ100; FF062 CD: Mathematics-and-Statistics; Plant-Water-Relations PT: Journal-article IS: 0168-1923 UD: 960116 AN: 950307229 CAB Abstracts 1995 38 of 94 TI: Research on raising young Ficus plants. OT: Ricerche sull'allevamento di giovani piante di Ficus. AU: Zocca-A; Benini-D AD: Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale e Tecnologie Agrarie, Universita degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy. SO: Colture-Protette. 1993, 22: 11, 87-92; 5 col. pl.; 18 ref. PY: 1993 LA: Italian LS: English AB: In trials in 1991 and 1992, micropropagated plants of F. benjamina cv. Cleo and F. elastica cv. Decora were grown on in 10-cm diameter pots containing either of 2 commercial potting mixes or a 1:3 mixture of sand and peat. Results showed that temperatures >30øC and feeding with 600-700 mg N/litre stimulated plant growth, particularly in F. benjamina. The growth of F. benjamina under protected cultivation was twice that outdoors. Increasing rates of P and K had no effect on growth. DE: growing-media; nitrogen-fertilizers; temperature-; protected-cultivation; pot-plants; production-; cultural-methods; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Ficus-elastica; Ficus- GE: Italy- BT: fertilizers; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; European-Union-Countries; Developed-Countries; Mediterranean-Region; OECD-Countries; Southern-Europe; Europe CC: FF100; JJ700 CD: Plant-Production; Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments PT: Journal-article IS: 0390-0444 UD: 960116 AN: 950307552 CAB Abstracts 1995 39 of 94 TI: The keeping quality of pot plants in the living room depends on cultural practices. OT: Haltbarkeit von Topfpflanzen im Wohnraum uber Kulturmassnahmen beeinflussbar. AU: Hell-B-ter; Hendriks-L; Ter-Hell-B AD: Lehr- und Versuchsanstalt Hannover-Ahlem, Heisterbergallee 12, 30453 Hannover, Germany. SO: Gartenbau-Magazin. 1994, 3: 4, 12-14; 1 col. pl. PY: 1994 LA: German LS: English AB: Experiments with Ficus benjamina, poinsettia, New Guinea Impatiens hybrids and other plants showed that indoor keeping quality was affected by cultural practices during the preceding period in the greenhouse, as well as plant age, cultivar characteristics and living room conditions. Illumination in the greenhouse should be high to promote the formation of reserves in the plant, enabling it to thrive for longer indoors. N fertilizer application (which should not be too heavy, especially during the last third of the plant culture period) is also important. DE: light-intensity; nitrogen-fertilizers; poinsettias-; ornamental-plants; pot-plants; quality-; cultural-methods OD: Ficus-benjamina; Impatiens-; Euphorbia-pulcherrima BT: fertilizers; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Balsaminaceae; Geraniales; Euphorbia; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales CC: FF100; SS230 CD: Plant-Production; Composition-and-Quality-of-Plant-Products PT: Journal-article UD: 960116 AN: 950308037 CAB Abstracts 1995 40 of 94 TI: Sewage effluent, a hydroponic nutrient solution for crops. AU: Loveridge-RF; Butler-JE AD: School of Biological Sciences, Portsmouth Polytechnic, King Henry I Street, Portsmouth, Hants PO1 2DY, UK. SO: Proceedings of the 8th international congress on soilless culture, Hunters Rest, South Africa, 2-9 Oct. 1992. 1993, 209-221; 13 ref. PB: International Society for Soilless Culture (ISOSC); Wageningen; Netherlands PY: 1993 LA: English AB: Population growth around the world is overloading many of the systems used for the collection, treatment and disposal of sewage. The elements nitrogen (as ammonium and nitrate forms) and phosphorous, are major polluting constituents of sewage effluent at the point of discharge to receiving watercourses. Studies using gravel bed hydroponics at Portsmouth have revealed that crops such as tomato, sugarbeet and Ficus benjamina can be successfully grown in a range of sewage effluents. In addition, this tertiary treatment effected cleaner water for subsequent disposal or conventional irrigation. DE: treatment-; pot-plants; sewage-effluent; utilization-; soilless-culture; tomatoes-; systems-; hydroponics-; vegetables-; fruit-vegetables OD: Ficus-benjamina; Solanaceae-; Lycopersicon- GE: UK- ID: International-congress-on-soilless-culture BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Solanales; Solanaceae; Developed-Countries; British-Isles; Western-Europe; Europe; Commonwealth-of-Nations; European-Union-Countries; OECD-Countries CC: XX300; XX600; FF100 CD: Human-Wastes-and-Refuse; Waste-Conversion-and-Utilization; Plant-Production PT: Conference-paper IB: 90-70976-06-04 UD: 960116 AN: 950309450 CAB Abstracts 1995 41 of 94 TI: The allergen of Ficus benjamina in house dust. AU: Bircher-AJ; Langauer-S; Levy-F; Wahl-R AD: Allergy Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland. SO: Clinical-and-Experimental-Allergy. 1995, 25: 3, 228-233; 16 ref. PY: 1995 LA: English DE: house-dust; plant-composition; allergens-; composition-; plant-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina BT: antigens; immunological-factors; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta CC: FF040; SS230; VV200; SS200 CD: Plant-Composition; Composition-and-Quality-of-Plant-Products; Parasites,-Vectors,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Humans; Agricultural-Products-Plant PT: Journal-article IS: 0954-7894 UD: 960116 AN: 950309556 CAB Abstracts 1995 42 of 94 TI: Effect of leaf area on growth of branch cuttings of Ficus benyamina. OT: Pengaruh luas permukaan daun terhadap pertumbuhan stek cabang beringin (Ficus benyamina) L.). AU: Effendi-M; Setiadi-D; Sinaga-M SO: Santalum. 1994, No. 17, 9-18; With English tables and figures; 4 ref. PY: 1994 LA: Indonesian LS: English AB: The performance was tested over 6 months of 4 types of branch cuttings [taken from a 15-yr-old tree] of Ficus benyamina [F. benjamina] at Sikumana [Timor], Indonesia, and planted in polybags in soil (lithosol)/ sand/compost (3:1:1). Cuttings were from the middle part of the branch, with 0, 50 and 100% of their leaves, and from the top part of the branch with 100% of their leaves. There was no significant effect of leaf area on survival, stem diameter, number of leaves developing, and stem, root and total dry weight. However, effects on stem height, root length and root/shoot ratio were significant. Best growth performance was by the middle branch cuttings with 50% leaf area, although survival was poorest in these. DE: forest-trees; foliage-; area-; vegetative-propagation; shoot-cuttings OD: Ficus-benjamina GE: Indonesia-; Timur- BT: trees; woody-plants; Spermatophyta; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Developing-Countries; ASEAN-Countries; South-East-Asia; Asia; Indonesia CC: KK110; FF160 CD: Silviculture; Plant-Propagation PT: Journal-article UD: 960116 AN: 950607861 CAB Abstracts 1995 43 of 94 TI: SEM observations on two lerp-forming psylloids (Homoptera). AU: Takagi-S; Miyatake-Y AD: Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060, Japan. SO: Insecta-Matsumurana. 1993, 49: 69-104; 7 ref. PY: 1993 LA: English AB: Lerps and nymphs of the psyllid Celtisaspis usubai (collected from leaves of Celtis sinensis in Honshu, Japan) and the carsidarid Macrohomotoma (on twigs of Ficus benjamina in the Philippines) were examined using SEM. DE: insect-pests; plant-pests; forest-pests; nymphs-; anatomy-; morphology-; forest-trees; agricultural-entomology OD: Psyllidae-; Hemiptera-; Carsidaridae-; Celtis-; Ficus-benjamina; arthropods- GE: Japan-; Honshu-; Philippines- ID: Celtis-sinensis; Celtisaspis-usubai; Macrohomotoma BT: insects; arthropods; invertebrates; animals; arthropod-pests; pests; trees; woody-plants; Spermatophyta; plants; Psylloidea; Sternorrhyncha; Homoptera; Hemiptera; Ulmaceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Ficus; Moraceae; OECD-Countries; Developed-Countries; East-Asia; Asia; Japan; Developing-Countries; ASEAN-Countries; South-East-Asia; Celtis; Carsidaridae CC: FF600; ZZ310; KK100 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Anatomy,-Morphology-and-Structure-General; Forestry-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0020-1804 UD: 960116 AN: 951106135 CAB Abstracts 1995 44 of 94 TI: Growth responses and acclimatization of Ficus benjamina 'WG-1' to changes in light conditions. AU: Min-GM; Lee-JS AD: Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-180, Korea Republic. SO: Journal-of-the-Korean-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1992, 33: 1, 48-53; 10 ref. PY: 1992 LA: Korean LS: English AB: Plants were grown under 4 light intensities by shading 90, 60, 30 or 0% of full sun. Plants grown under natural light were taller, had greater leaf numbers and had higher leaf densities than those grown under shade. The leaves were smaller and thicker and lighter green in natural light conditions. Overall, growth was best with 60% shade. Also, the plants acclimatized better at lower light intensities (60 and 90% shading) than at higher ones (0 and 30% shading). DE: shade-; shading-; light-intensity; plant-growth-regulators; leaves-; plant-height OD: ficus-benjamina GE: Korea-Republic BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Developing-Countries; East-Asia; Asia; Threshold-Countries CC: FF100 CD: Plant-Production PT: Journal-article IS: 0253-6498 UD: 960116 AN: 950301352 CAB Abstracts 1995 45 of 94 TI: Relative sensitivity of greenhouse pot plants to long-term exposures of NO- and NO2-containing air. AU: Saxe-H AD: Department of Terrestrial Ecology, National Environmental Research Institute, Vejlsovej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark. SO: Environmental-Pollution. 1994, 85: 3, 283-290; 24 ref. PY: 1994 LA: English AB: Thirty-five cultivars and species of pot plant, from 20 families, were exposed for 50-64 days in a greenhouse facility to either 1 æl NO/litre with 0.5 æl NO2/litre, or 1 æl NO2/litre with 0.1 æl NO/litre for 15 h each day, with air which was free from these gases as the reference. A sensitivity ranking was compiled, with the highest priority on visible injuries, followed by growth reductions, primarily due to the NO-dominated exposures, simulating the NOx-polluted environment in direct-fired, CO2-enriched greenhouses. Leaf DW was reduced more than leaf number and area. Twenty-two cultivars and species were significantly injured, while quality of 2 (Hibiscus sp., Epipremnum pinnatum (green)) were significantly improved. NOx-sensitivity was highest in plants with variegated, small or narrow leaves, and in the family Moraceae. Nine plants (Ficus elastica cv. Robusta, F. benjamina, F. pumila cv. Sonny, Dieffenbachia maculata cv. Camilla, F. elastica cv. Tineke, Epipremnum pinnatum cv. Marble Queen, Begonia elatior [B. hiemalis] cv. Nelson, Cyclamen persica [C. persicum], poinsettia cv. Mini) were specifically sensitive to the NO-containing exposure; 6 were specifically sensitive to the NO2-containing exposure (F. elastica cv. Robusta, Asparagus densiflorus, Hedera helix cv. Shamrock, Aspledium [Asplenium] nidus, Aster novi-belgii, Hypoestes phyllostachya cv. Betina); and 12 (Soleirolia soleirolii, Asparagus densiflorus, H. helix cv. Ester, Codiaeum cv. Pictum, rose cv. Minimo Red, F. benjamina cv. Starlight, Saintpaulia ionantha (light blue), F. pumila, Rhododendron simsii, H. helix cv. Shamrock, Hibiscus sp., E. pinnatum) were equally sensitive to mixtures dominated by either gas, as measured by at least one response parameter. DE: nitric-oxide; nitrogen-dioxide; poinsettias-; pollution-; nitrogen-oxides; pot-plants; protected-cultivation; roses-; ornamental-plants; ornamental-bulbs; ornamental-woody-plants OD: Saintpaulia-ionantha; Euphorbia-pulcherrima; Aster-; Urticaceae-; Hibiscus-; Epipremnum-pinnatum; Ficus-elastica; Ficus-benjamina; Ficus-pumila; Dieffenbachia-maculata; Begonia-hiemalis; Cyclamen-persicum; Asparagus-densiflorus; Hedera-helix; Asplenium-nidus; Aster-novi-belgii; Hypoestes-phyllostachya; Codiaeum-; Saintpaulia-; Rhododendron-simsii; Rosa- ID: Soleirolia-soleirolii; ornamental-herbaceous-plants; Soleirolia RN: 10102-43-9; 10102-44-0 BT: plants; Spermatophyta; ornamental-plants; woody-plants; Saintpaulia; Gesneriaceae; Scrophulariales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Euphorbia; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales; Asteraceae; Asterales; Urticales; Malvaceae; Malvales; Epipremnum; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Ficus; Moraceae; Dieffenbachia; Begonia; Begoniaceae; Violales; Cyclamen; Primulaceae; Primulales; Asparagus; Liliaceae; Liliales; Hedera; Araliaceae; Apiales; Ornamental-ferns; ferns; Pteridophyta; Asplenium; Aspleniaceae; Aster; Hypoestes; Acanthaceae; Rhododendron; Ericaceae; Ericales; Rosaceae; Rosales; Urticaceae CC: PP600; FF100 CD: Pollution-and-Degradation; Plant-Production PT: Journal-article IS: 0269-7491 UD: 960116 AN: 950302304 CAB Abstracts 1995 46 of 94 TI: Bioactivity of certain Egyptian Ficus species. AU: Mousa-O; Vuorela-P; Kiviranta-J; Wahab-SA; Hiltunen-R; Vuorela-H AD: Pharmacognosy Division, Department of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, PO Box 15, SF-00014 Helsinki, Finland. SO: Journal-of-Ethnopharmacology. 1994, 41: 1-2, 71-76; 23 ref. PY: 1994 LA: English AB: Many Ficus species are medicinally used as astringents, carminatives, stomachics, vermicides, hypotensives, anthelmintics and antidysenterics. The fruit extracts of Ficus sycomorus, F. benjamina, F. bengalensis [F. benghalensis] and F. religiosa were screened for bioactivity. F. bengalensis and F. religiosa demonstrated activity in the brine shrimp (Artemia salina) test which indicates toxicity, whereas F. sycomorus and F. benjamina showed no activity. All the fruit extracts exhibited antitumour activity in the potato disc bioassay. None of the tested extracts showed any marked inhibition on the uptake of calcium into rat pituitary cells GH4C1. The extracts of the 4 tested Ficus species had significant antibacterial activity, but no antifungal activity. The results of this preliminary investigation support the traditional use of these plants in folk medicine for respiratory disorders and certain skin diseases. DE: medicinal-plants; fruits-; medicinal-properties; antibacterial-properties; antibacterial-plants; toxicity-; calcium-ions; pituitary-; plant-extracts OD: Ficus-sycomorus; Ficus-benjamina; Ficus-benghalensis; Ficus-religiosa; Moraceae-; Artemia-salina; rats- GE: Egypt- RN: 14127-61-8 BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Artemia; Artemiidae; Anostraca; Branchiopoda; Crustacea; arthropods; invertebrates; animals; Muridae; Rodents; mammals; vertebrates; Chordata; Mediterranean-Region; Developing-Countries; Middle-East; North-Africa; Africa CC: FF000; KK540; HH400; VV800; VV200; LL900 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Forest-Products-Miscellaneous,-including-Minor-Forest-Products; Control-by-Chemicals-and-Drugs; Human-Toxicology,-Poisoning-and-Pharmacology; Parasites,-Vectors,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Humans; Animal-Toxicology,-Poisoning-and-Pharmacology PT: Journal-article IS: 0378-8741 UD: 960116 AN: 950302903 CAB Abstracts 1995 47 of 94 TI: Effect of growth regulators on in vitro propagation of Ficus benjamina cv. Exotica. AU: Amo-Marco-JB-del; Picazo-I; Del-Amo-Marco-JB AD: Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. SO: Biologia-Plantarum. 1994, 36: 2, 167-173; 17 ref. PY: 1994 LA: English AB: Stem internodes with axillary buds were excised from 5-year old F. benjamina cv. Exotica trees. The effects of BA, GA3, IAA, NAA and 2,4-D on shoot growth and proliferation in vitro were investigated. Multiple shoots developed after 3-4 weeks from explants incubated in MS medium supplemented with phloroglucinol (PG) and BA. Optimum shoot proliferation took place in the presence of 1.0 mg BA/litre. Shoots obtained could be elongated in a medium with 0.5 mg GA3/litre prior to rooting. Root initiation was successfully induced on MS medium either with IAA at 0.1-0.5 mg/litre or in growth regulator-free medium. All rooted plantlets were subsequently transferred to a peat, humus and perlite mixture and covered with plastic bags in a culture room with high humidity, where they were established within a month. DE: plant-growth-regulators; foliage-plants; rooting-; tissue-culture; in-vitro-culture; propagation-; micropropagation-; growth-regulators; IAA-; benzyladenine-; gibberellic-acid; 2,4-D; gibberellins-; NAA-; regeneration-; organogenesis-; ornamental-plants; cytokinins- OD: Ficus-benjamina ID: phloroglucinol RN: 87-51-4; 1214-39-7; 77-06-5; 94-75-7; 5742-19-8; 2008-39-1; 3599-58-4; 2569-10-9; 94-11-1; 1929-73-3; 94-80-4; 25168-26-7; 86-87-3 BT: auxins; plant-growth-regulators; cytokinins; gibberellins; phenoxyacetic-herbicides; phenoxy-herbicides; herbicides; pesticides; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta CC: FF160; FF170 CD: Plant-Propagation; in-vitro-Culture-of-Plant-Material PT: Journal-article IS: 0006-3134 UD: 960116 AN: 950304123 CAB Abstracts 1995 48 of 94 TI: The F685/F730 chlorophyll fluorescence ratio as a tool in plant physiology: response to physiological and environmental factors. AU: Agati-G; Mazzinghi-P; Fusi-F; Ambrosini-I AD: Istituto di Elettronica Quantistica - CNR, Via Panciatichi 56/30, 50127 Firenze, Italy. SO: Journal-of-Plant-Physiology. 1995, 145: 3, 228-238; 1 fig.; 40 ref. PY: 1995 LA: English AB: The effect of chlorophyll concentration, light intensity and leaf temperature on the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio F685/F730 of intact leaves was evaluated. Fluorescence reabsorption that affects mainly the F685 band increased with chlorophyll concentration, as shown by comparing an aurea mutant of tomato and its wild type (cv. UC 105), which have very different chlorophyll contents. Using Epipremnum aureum [E. pinnatum], it was shown that F685/F730 decreases during the declining phase of the fluorescence induction kinetics. It was demonstrated that when red light is used to induce the fluorescence kinetics the variation of F685/F730 is not due to a change in the leaf absorption, as proved by the simultaneous measurement of leaf transmittance. This evidence suggests that the F685/F730 ratio is sensitive to changes in the photosynthetic activity of the leaf. In walnut leaves under natural conditions, the F685/F730 ratio markedly decreased as light intensity and leaf temperature increased during a daily cycle. This behaviour could be due to photoinhibitory and heat stresses. In controlled laboratory conditions, the F685/F730 ratio in Fagus sylvatica leaves decreased under high light intensity (>1000 æmol m-2 s-1) at constant leaf temperature. It decreased also in Ficus benjamina leaves when leaf temperature was decreased from 25 to 14øC at low light intensity (150 æmol m-2 s-1). A possible interpretation of these experimental data relies on a non-negligible contribution of PSI to the total fluorescence at physiological temperatures with respect to PSII fluorescence. Changes in the photosynthetic activity of the 2 photosystems may induce variation in the F685/F730 ratio. The results indicate that light intensity and leaf temperature are important parameters to take into account when the F685/F730 ratio is used as stress indicator. DE: temperature-; light-intensity; environmental-factors; heat-stress; photoinhibition-; photosynthesis-; chlorophyll-; fluorescence-; tomatoes-; walnuts-; chloroplasts-; biochemistry-; light-; nut-crops; vegetables-; fruit-vegetables; ornamental-plants OD: Lycopersicon-esculentum; Juglans-regia; Fagus-sylvatica; Epipremnum-pinnatum; plants-; Ficus-benjamina; Epipremnum-; Solanaceae-; Lycopersicon-; Juglans- RN: 1406-65-1 BT: plants; Lycopersicon; Solanaceae; Solanales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Juglans; Juglandaceae; Juglandales; Fagus; Fagaceae; Fagales; Epipremnum; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales CC: FF060; KK100 CD: Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Forestry-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0176-1617 UD: 960116 AN: 950304660 CAB Abstracts 1995 49 of 94 TI: Institute of Horticulture. Scientific activities 1984-1992. CA: Israel, Agricultural Research Organization, Ministry of Agriculture. SO: Special-Publication -Agricultural-Research-Organization,-Ministry-of-Agriculture,-Israel. 1993, No. 250, 215 pp.; many ref. PB: Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Department of Scientific Publications; Bet Dagan; Israel PY: 1993 LA: English AB: This comprehensive report presents short signed accounts of research conducted in the 4 departments of the Institute, as follows: Department of Fruit Trees (95 summaries), Department of Citriculture (47 summaries), Department of Oleiculture and Viticulture (61 summaries), and Department of Genetics and Breeding (28 summaries). The crops comprised temperate, subtropical and tropical fruit trees, grapes, blueberries, almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts, forest trees (Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Pinus brutia and P. pinea), ornamental trees (Leucadendron discolor and Ficus nitida [F. benjamina]) and some field crops and vegetables (physiological studies with Glycine max, Vigna radiata, maize, tomato and carrot tissues). Research is reported on breeding, cultivars, propagation, nursery management, soils and nutrition, crop management, plant protection, physiology and biochemistry, and postharvest handling and storage. DE: agricultural-research; plant-breeding; cultivars-; propagation-; soil-; plant-nutrition; plant-physiology; handling-; storage-; vegetables-; temperate-fruits; subtropical-fruits; tropical-fruits; grapes-; almonds-; walnuts-; hazelnuts-; tomatoes-; carrots-; horticultural-crops; soyabeans-; maize- OD: Leucadendron-; Citrus-; Vaccinium-; Ficus-benjamina; Eucalyptus-camaldulensis; Pinus-brutia; Pinus-pinea; Vigna-radiata; Vitis-; Prunus-dulcis; Juglans-; Lycopersicon-; Daucus-carota; Glycine-Fabaceae; Zea-mays GE: Israel- ID: Institute-of-Horticulture; Leucadendron-discolor BT: Proteaceae; Proteales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Rutaceae; Sapindales; Ericaceae; Ericales; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Eucalyptus; Myrtaceae; Myrtales; Pinus; Pinaceae; Pinopsida; gymnosperms; Vigna; Papilionoideae; Fabaceae; Fabales; Vitidaceae; Rhamnales; Prunus; Rosaceae; Rosales; Juglandaceae; Juglandales; Solanaceae; Solanales; Daucus; Apiaceae; Apiales; Zea; Poaceae; Cyperales; monocotyledons; Developed-Countries; Mediterranean-Region; Middle-East; West-Asia; Asia; Leucadendron CC: FF020; FF100; FF160; FF060; QQ050; QQ110; KK100 CD: Plant-Breeding-and-Genetics; Plant-Production; Plant-Propagation; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Crop-Produce; Food-Storage-and-Preservation; Forestry-General PT: Annual-report IS: 0334-2484 UD: 960116 AN: 950305713 CAB Abstracts 1995 50 of 94 TI: A role for decaying leaves in mitigating the harmful effects of acid rain: effects of acidity, foreign ions, concentration of leaves and location. AU: Salim-R; Khalaf-S AD: Chemistry Department, An-Najah University, Nablus, P.O Box 7, Palestine, Via Israel. SO: Journal-of-Environmental-Science-and-Health.-Part-A,-Environmental-Science-and-Engineering. 1994, A29: 3, 467-475; 7 ref. PY: 1994 LA: English AB: Decaying leaves have been found capable of resisting the effects of acid rain through their ability to buffer water. In the present study, the effects were determined of acidity, presence of foreign ions, concentration of leaves and location on the buffering ability of leaves of 5 common trees in Palestine (cypress, oak, pine, cinchona and ficus [respectively Cupressus sempervirens, Quercus calliprinos, Pinus halepensis, Eucalyptus longifolia, Ficus benjamina]). The studied factors did not affect the pattern of variation of pH of the leaf suspensions with time, but did affect the pH value reached by these suspensions. Ficus leaves have shown a distinct capability of neutralizing acidic waters. DE: forest-litter; litter-plant; foliage-; buffering-capacity; acid-rain; forest-trees OD: Quercus-; Eucalyptus-; Cupressus-sempervirens; Quercus-calliprinos; Pinus-halepensis; Ficus-benjamina ID: Eucalyptus-longifolia BT: trees; woody-plants; Spermatophyta; plants; Fagaceae; Fagales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Myrtaceae; Myrtales; Cupressus; Cupressaceae; Pinopsida; gymnosperms; Quercus; Pinus; Pinaceae; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales CC: KK100; PP600; JJ100 CD: Forestry-General; Pollution-and-Degradation; Soil-Biology PT: Journal-article IS: 0360-1226 UD: 960116 AN: 950602288 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 51 of 94 TI: Tropical foliage plants: a grower's guide. AU: Griffith-LP Jr. AD: A & L Southern Agricultural Laboratories Inc., Pompano Beach, Florida, USA. SO: 1998, xxi + 318 pp.; many ref. PB: Ball Publishing (GrowerTalks); Batavia; USA PY: 1998 LA: English AB: This book is a technical guide for growers of tropical foliage plants. For each foliage species, information is provided on habitat, uses, cultivars, propagation, culture, nutrition, diseases, insect and mite pests, disorders, hints and interior care. Foliage plants covered in this book include: Aglaonema, Anthurium, Aphelandra, Aralia/Polyscias, Araucaria, Asparagus, Bromeliaceae, Caladium, Calathea, Chamaedorea, Chlorophytum, Chrysalidocarpus, Cissus, Codiaeum, Cordyline, Dieffenbachia, Dizygotheca, Dracaena deremensis, D. fragrans, D. marginata, Epipremnum, Fatsia, ferns, Ficus benjamina, F. retusa, F. lyrata, F. elastica, F. maclellandii, Gardenia, Hedera, Heliconia, Hibiscus, Howea forsterana [Howeia forsteriana], Maranta, Peperomia, Philodendron, Phoenix, Ravenea, Rhapis, Schefflera actinophylla, S. arboricola, Spathiphyllum, succulents (Beaucarnea, Crassula, Euphorbia, Hoya, Sanseviera and cacti), Syngonium and Yucca. There is a subject index. DE: pot-plants; cultural-methods; foliage-plants; ornamental-plants CC: FF100 CD: Plant-Production PT: Book AV: $70.00 IB: 1-883052-16-5 UD: 980716 AN: 980304207 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 52 of 94 TI: Acclimatization and the growth of Ficus benjamina microcuttings as affected by carbon dioxide concentration. AU: Matysiak-B; Nowak-J AD: Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, Department of Cultivation of Ornamental Plants, Pomologiczna 18, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland. SO: Journal-of-Horticultural-Science-and-Biotechnology. 1998, 73: 2, 185-188; 17 ref. PY: 1998 LA: English AB: The influence of CO2 concentrations (350 or 1200 æmol mol-1) on the growth of microcuttings of F. benjamina cultivars Golden King and Natasja was investigated with reference to light levels (50 or 150 æmol m-2 s-1 PPFD, Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density) and nutrient solution concentrations (0.7, 1.4, 2.1 or 2.8 mS cm-1 electrical conductivity (EC)). Plants grown in peat + perlite at 1200 æmol mol-1 CO2 concentration and high PPFD had the highest shoot and root fresh weights and the greatest leaf area. Increasing the CO2 concentration at low PPFD did not affect the growth of F. benjamina. Survival of microcuttings cultivated in rockwool was low (65-90%) and the growth rate was slow, irrespective of nutrient solution concentration. CO2 enrichment increased survival and accelerated the growth of these microcuttings. The best growth of microcuttings cultivated in rockwool was at 1200 æmol mol-1 CO2 and at an EC of 2.8 mS cm-1. DE: carbon-dioxide-enrichment; acclimatization-; growth-; nutrient-solutions; electrical-conductivity; cuttings-; in-vitro-culture; rockwool-; peat-; perlite-; soilless-culture; light-intensity; pot-plants; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants CC: FF100; FF160; FF060 CD: Plant-Production; Plant-Propagation; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry PT: Journal-article UD: 980716 AN: 980304764 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 53 of 94 TI: Effects of different lighting strategies on the growth and development of Ficus benjamina. AU: Beel-E; Bruyn-P-de; Fredrick-F; Lemeur-R; De-Bruyn-P; Blacquiere-T (ed.); Gude-H AD: Research Station for Horticulture, ISRIA, Schaessestraat 18, 9070 Destelbergen, Belgium. SO: Proceedings of the third international symposium on artificial lighting in horticulture, Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands, 23-27 January 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1997, No. 418, 37-44; 9 ref. PY: 1997 LA: English AB: Seven different lighting strategies along with a control were tested, during winter, for F. benjamina cv. Exotica pot plants grown in greenhouses. In five strategies, continuous or intermittent supplementary lighting was used during the night when the daily radiation integral was less than 3 MJ/m2. In the other strategies supplementary lighting was used during the natural day when the irradiance dropped below 35 W/m2. Plant height was enhanced by increasing the light period. Biomass increase and plant quality, however, were optimal with a lighting period of 16 h/day. Lighting during the night favoured partitioning to non-assimilatory plant components. The different lighting strategies had no effect on the lighting efficiency on a leaf area basis. DE: pot-plants; supplementary-light; protected-cultivation; plant-height; crop-quality; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants CC: FF100 CD: Plant-Production PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 IB: 90-6605-989-3 UD: 980716 AN: 980304931 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 54 of 94 TI: The effects of light quality on the growth and development of shoots and roots of Ficus benjamina in vitro. AU: Gabryszewska-E; Rudnicki-RM; Blacquiere-T (ed.); Gude-H AD: Research Institute of Pomology and Floriculture, Waryfiskiego Street 14, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland. SO: Proceedings of the third international symposium on artificial lighting in horticulture, Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands, 23-27 January 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1997, No. 418, 163-167; 11 ref. PY: 1997 LA: English AB: The effects of white, blue, green and red light on the growth and development of shoots and roots of F. benjamina cv. Golden King in relation to the presence of 2iP [isopentenyladenine] or IAA were investigated. The highest shoot numbers were obtained in red light on the medium with 15 mg 2iP/litre. Root production occurred in all light treatments, with a similar percentage of rooted plants. The number of roots produced per shoot was highest in red light on the medium containing 0.5 mg IAA/litre. Leaf senescence was inhibited by red light when 2iP was present in the medium. DE: in-vitro-culture; organogenesis-; light-; plant-growth-regulators; isopentenyladenine-; IAA-; micropropagation-; forest-trees; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina RN: 2365-40-4; 87-51-4 BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants CC: FF170; FF160; WW000; KK110 CD: in-vitro-Culture-of-Plant-Material; Plant-Propagation; Biotechnology; Silviculture PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 IB: 90-6605-989-3 UD: 980716 AN: 980304938 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 55 of 94 TI: Evaluation of an empirical and a semi-mechanistic approach to predict the irradiance integral required for growth of foliage plants. AU: Fredrick-F; Lemeur-R; Blacquiere-T (ed.); Gude-H AD: ISRIA, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Laboratory of Plant Ecology, University of Ghent, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. SO: Proceedings of the third international symposium on artificial lighting in horticulture, Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands, 23-27 January 1994. Acta-Horticulturae. 1997, No. 418, 73-83; 20 ref. PY: 1997 LA: English AB: Two potential approaches for predicting the irradiance integral which is required for growth (i.e. leaf area expansion) of foliage pot plants were presented, i.e. a growth function with the solar irradiance integral as driving variable (empirical approach) and an approach in which plant growth was derived from the upscaling of leaf CO2 assimilation in time and space (semi-mechanistic approach). Both approaches were evaluated in Ficus benjamina. It was demonstrated that a growth function that was parameterized to a winter data set, also provided accurate predictions of leaf area expansion in spring and summer. The semi-mechanistic approach yielded only moderate estimates of leaf area expansion. So, within the range of light regimes that were considered, it can be stated that a growth function which merely includes information on the irradiance integral, when used in conjunction with meteorological data of solar radiation and the information on the transmission characteristics of the greenhouse, is suitable for predicting the irradiance integral required for growth of foliage pot plants and as such to assess to what extent the growth period may be reduced by the application of supplementary light. The inadequacy of the semi-mechanistic approach for practical use in assessing leaf area expansion and therefore also for predicting the growth period, was connected to the high sensitivity of the model predictions to parameters that were presumably badly tuned to the prevailing conditions. DE: pot-plants; protected-cultivation; light-; mathematical-models; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants CC: FF100; FF060 CD: Plant-Production; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 IB: 90-6605-989-3 UD: 980716 AN: 980304941 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 56 of 94 TI: Possible role of gibberellins in the interaction between cytokinins and pesticides. AU: Werbrouck-SPO; Debergh-PC; Altman-A (ed.); Ziv-M AD: Department of Plant Production, Horticulture University Gent, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium. SO: Proceedings of the third international ISHS symposium on in vitro culture and horticultural breeding, Jerusalem, Israel, 16-21 June, 1996. Acta-Horticulturae. 1997, No. 447, 59-62; 16 ref. PY: 1997 LA: English AB: Research at the University Gent, Belgium, on the interaction between cytokinins and pesticides is reviewed. The paper focuses on 2 topics in particular: the interaction of imidazole fungicides and the triazole growth retardant paclobutrazol with cytokinins, with reference to Spathiphyllum floribundum and Anthurium andreanum [A. andraeanum]; and disturbance of the histogenic integrity of the shoot meristem in Ficus benjamina by imidazole fungicides. These effects are thought to be mediated by gibberellins. DE: cytokinins-; imidazole-fungicides; plant-growth-regulators; paclobutrazol-; ornamental-plants; histology-; plant-development; shoots-; ornamental-foliage-plants; gibberellins-; plant-pathology OD: Spathiphyllum-floribundum; Anthurium-andraeanum; Ficus-benjamina RN: 76738-62-0 BT: Spathiphyllum; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Anthurium; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons CC: FF060; FF600; FF030 CD: Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Plant-Morphology-and-Structure PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 IB: 90-6605-909-5 UD: 980716 AN: 980305145 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 57 of 94 TI: Myrothecium roridum a fungal disease during the hardening off of in vitro culture plants. OT: Myrothecium roridum een schimmelaantasting bij het afharden van weefselteeltplanten. AU: Jamart-G AD: Rijksstation voor Plantenziekten, Burg. v. Gansberghelaan 96, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium. SO: Verbondsnieuws. 1997, 41: 3, 39-40; 3 ref. PY: 1997 LA: Dutch AB: The efficiency of fungicides against M. roridum in Syngonium (cv. White Butterfly) was investigated in greenhouse studies. Fungaflor [imazalil] (2 ml hp/litre) and Daconil [chlorothalonil] (3 ml hp/litre) were applied eiher as a dip treatment (10 minutes), or as irrigation (6 litres/m2), irrigation and removing the excess water, or irrigation 2 weeks after the infestation. Plants were evaluated after 7 weeks. None of the treatments completely controlled the pathogen, the lowest rate of infestation was after irrigation with Fungaflor. The effect of Fungaflor (5-20 ml/plant) and Daconil (5-20 ml/plant) on growth rates of Spathiphyllum (cv. Euro 92), Ficus benjamina and Syngonium (cv. White Butterfly) was also investigated. Daconil resulted in decreased growth rates in Spathiphyllum and no effects were found in Syngonium. Fungaflor resulted in decreased growth rates in F. benjamina, and 100% mortality after 6 weeks for rates of ò4 ml/litres. DE: fungicides-; imazalil-; chlorothalonil-; dipping-; irrigation-; growth-; phytotoxicity-; plant-pathogens; plant-diseases; plant-pathogenic-fungi; chemical-control; plant-disease-control; ornamental-plants; ornamental-woody-plants; plant-pathology OD: Myrothecium-roridum; Syngonium-; Spathiphyllum-; Ficus-benjamina; fungi- RN: 35554-44-0; 33586-66-2; 60534-80-7; 1897-45-6 BT: Myrothecium; Deuteromycotina; Eumycota; fungi; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons CC: FF600; HH400 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Control-by-Chemicals-and-Drugs PT: Journal-article UD: 980716 AN: 981003441 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 58 of 94 TI: Screening hormonal effects of fungicides with a Ficus benjamina L. chimera. AU: Werbrouck-SPO; Jumli; Roeck-K-de; Eeckhaut-TGR; Debergh-PC; De-Roeck-K AD: Laboratory of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Applied Biology Science, University of Gent, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium. SO: Proceedings of the 49th International symposium on crop protection, Gent, Belgium, 6 May, 1997. Part IV. Mededelingen -Faculteit-Landbouwkundige-en-Toegepaste-Biologische-Wetenschappen,-Universiteit-Gent. 1997, 62: 3b, 1103-1107; 15 ref. PY: 1997 LA: English AB: A F. benjamina chimera with an albino L2- and L3-layer and a genetic green L1-layer can be used to detect interactions between pesticides and plant hormones. When this chimera was multiplied in vitro, the leaves were yellow green because the epidermis (L1) contained only a few chloroplasts. Adding fungicides such as prochloraz, imazalil, triflumizole, bitertanol, dodemorf and carbendazim to this medium disturbed the integrity of the cell layers in the meristems. Dark green spots on newly developed leaves indicated that cells from the L1-layer intruded the L2 layer. These cells looked green because they develop like normal L2-cells with chloroplasts. For prochloraz and possibly also for the other ergosterol biosynthesis inhibiting fungicides an inhibition of the GA biosynthesis might be an explanation. The effects of carbendazim could be explained by its known cytokinin-like properties. DE: plant-disease-control; chemical-control; fungicides-; prochloraz-; imazalil-; triflumizole-; bitertanol-; dodemorph-; carbendazim-; activity-; plant-pathology OD: Ficus-benjamina RN: 67747-09-5; 35554-44-0; 33586-66-2; 60534-80-7; 68694-11-1; 55179-31-2; 1593-77-7; 31717-87-0; 10605-21-7 BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants CC: HH400 CD: Control-by-Chemicals-and-Drugs PT: Journal-article UD: 980716 AN: 981004213 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 59 of 94 TI: New records of three Philotrypesis species from Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae: Sycoryctinae). AU: Chou-LiangYih; Wong-ChenYu; Chou-LY; Wong-CY AD: Department of Applied Zoology, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung, 413 Taiwan. SO: Chinese-Journal-of-Entomology. 1997, 17: 3, 182-183; 5 ref. PY: 1997 LA: English AB: Three species of the genus Philotrypesis are recorded from Taiwan for the first time. They include P. distillatoria from Ficus benjamina var. bracteata (from Pingtung, 1983), and P. spinipes from Ficus septica (from Changhua and Taichung, 1992). Notes on distribution are provided. DE: geographical-distribution; new-geographic-records; broadleaves-; trees-; forest-trees; agricultural-entomology OD: Ficus-benjamina; Ficus-septica; Torymidae-; arthropods- GE: Taiwan- ID: Philotrypesis-distillatori; Philotrypesis-spinipes; Philotrypesis BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Hymenoptera; insects; arthropods; invertebrates; animals; South-East-Asia; Asia; Developed-Countries; Torymidae CC: KK100; FF600; PP710 CD: Forestry-General; Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Biological-Resources-Animal PT: Journal-article IS: 0258-462X UD: 980716 AN: 981104279 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 60 of 94 TI: Diversinervus elegans Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of coccids (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) in Mexico. OT: Diversinervus elegans Silvestri (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae), un parasitoide de coccidos (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) en Mexico. AU: Trjapitzin-VA; Ruiz-Cancino-E AD: Laboaratoire de Control Biologico, UAM Agronomia y Ciencieas, Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tam. 87149, Mexico. SO: CEIBA. 1997, 38: 2, 151-155; 27 ref. PY: 1997 LA: Spanish LS: English AB: Diversinervus elegans was collected on Ficus benjamina in Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. The morphology, biology, geographical distribution, host plants and its use as a biological control agent of Coccidae are described. DE: morphology-; biology-; geographical-distribution; host-plants; biological-control-agents; parasitoids-; natural-enemies; biological-control; ornamental-plants; agricultural-entomology OD: Ficus-benjamina; Coccidae-; Encyrtidae-; arthropods- GE: Mexico- ID: Diversinervus-elegans; Diversinervus BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Coccoidea; Sternorrhyncha; Homoptera; Hemiptera; insects; arthropods; invertebrates; animals; Hymenoptera; Developing-Countries; Latin-America; North-America; America; Threshold-Countries; Encyrtidae CC: LL820; FF600; KK100; HH100 CD: Parasites,-Vectors,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Animals; Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Forestry-General; Biological-Control PT: Journal-article IS: 0008-8692 UD: 980716 AN: 981105523 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 61 of 94 TI: Response of Ficus benjamina L. to different potting media and doses of nutrient solution. AU: ElSallami-IH AD: Department of Horticulture, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt. SO: Assiut-Journal-of-Agricultural-Sciences. 1996, 27: 3, 61-76; 31 ref. PY: 1996 LA: English LS: Arabic AB: The effect of potting media composed of clay, sand, vermiculite and/or peat on the growth of 1-year-old F. benjamina plants was investigated during 1993-94. A nutrient solution containing (meq/litre): NH4NO3 (2), KH2PO4 (0.5), K2SO4 (0.5), CaSO4 (1.2), MgSO4 (0.6), Fe (2.5), Mn (0.5), B (0.5), Cu (0.02), Zn (0.05) and Mo (0.01) was applied 0, 1, 2 or 3 times per week. Plants grown in clay + peat had the widest stems and high numbers of leaves/plant. Media composed of peat + clay or vermiculite produced tall plants with many branches and high root fresh weights. The leaf contents of N, P, K, Mg and chlorophyll showed a positive relationship with growth for the 2 media which gave the best growth. Application of nutrient solution 2 times/week improved growth as well as the leaf contents of N, P, K and chlorophyll b compared with plants treated to 0 or 1 doses/week. Application of 3 doses/week gave no considerable benefit compared with 2 doses. A medium composed of clay + peat (1:1) with 2 doses of nutrient solution/week is recommended for commercial production of F. benjamina as pot plants. DE: ornamental-woody-plants; growing-media; sand-; vermiculite-; peat-; clay-; growth-; plant-development; pot-plants; production-; nutrient-solutions; plant-nutrition; leaves-; plant-composition; nitrogen-; potassium-; phosphorus-; magnesium-; chlorophyll- OD: Ficus-benjamina RN: 1318-00-9; 7727-37-9; 7440-09-7; 7723-14-0; 7439-95-4; 1406-65-1 BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants CC: FF100; FF060; FF061; JJ700 CD: Plant-Production; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Plant-Nutrition; Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments PT: Journal-article IS: 1110-0486 UD: 980416 AN: 980301758 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 62 of 94 TI: Cultivation of ornamental plants and biosensors. OT: La culture des plantes ornementales et les biocapteurs. AU: Lemeur-R; Fredrick-F AD: Laboratorium voor Plantecologie, Universiteit Gent, Ghent, Belgium. SO: Agricontact. 1996, No. 281, 7-11. PY: 1996 LA: French AB: Research is reported on the use of biosensors and new methods of bioanalysis to study some growth functions to estimate the speed of growth, daily fluctuation in stem diameter to evaluate plant water status and growth, and measurement of sap circulation by means of an apparatus fixed around the plant stem to permanently record speed of transpiration on line. Ficus benjamina, Schefflera arboricola and Dieffenbachia bowmannii were used as test plants for the new techniques. DE: biosensors-; analytical-methods; growth-; stems-; plant-water-relations; sap-; transpiration-; measurement-; ornamental-foliage-plants OD: plants-; Ficus-benjamina; Schefflera-arboricola; Dieffenbachia- ID: dieffenbachia-bowmannii BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Schefflera; Araliaceae; Apiales; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons CC: FF060; ZZ900; NN900 CD: Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Techniques-and-Methodology; Other-Equipment PT: Journal-article IS: 0770-285X UD: 980416 AN: 980301962 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 63 of 94 TI: Injury symptoms and air purification ability of foliage plants exposed to SO2 and NO2. AU: Chae-EuiSuk; Lee-YongBeom; Park-SoHong; Bae-GongYoung; Chae-ES; Lee-YB; Park-SH; Bae-GY AD: Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, Korea Republic. SO: Journal-of-the-Korean-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1997, 38: 6, 761-765; 16 ref. PY: 1997 LA: Korean LS: English AB: The effects of SO2 and NO2 on visible injuries, stomatal opening and photosynthesis in 10 foliage plants were investigated. The accumulation of water soluble sulfur in leaves and the NO2 fixation rate were also examined. The degrees of injury caused by SO2 and NO2 were divided into 3 types; Monstera deliciosa was a sensitive species, Ficus benjamina and Scindapsus aureus [Epipremnum pinnatum] were middle-tolerant species and Rhapis excelsa was a tolerant species. The threshold concentration showing visible injury was >0.4 ppm SO2 and 1 ppm NO2 in sensitive plants. Damage caused by NO2 was less than that caused by SO2. The diffusion resistance increased with increasing SO2 concentration, but was unaltered by NO2 fumigation. Photosynthesis rates tended to decrease with increasing SO2 and NO2 concentrations with the exception that 0.5 ppm NO2 promoted photosynthesis. Low concentrations of NO2 acted as a nutrition source; NO2 was absorbed more easily than SO2. Tolerant species such as R. excelsa performed better in heavily polluted indoor air than sensitive species. DE: air-pollutants; diffusion-resistance; photosynthesis-; ornamental-foliage-plants; air-; purification-; ornamental-woody-plants; sulfur-; nitrogen-; sulfur-dioxide; nitrogen-dioxide; pollution-; injuries-; ornamental-plants OD: Monstera-deliciosa; Ficus-benjamina; Epipremnum-pinnatum ID: Rhapis-excelsa; Rhapis RN: 7704-34-9; 7727-37-9; 7446-09-5; 10102-44-0 BT: Monstera; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; Epipremnum; Arecaceae; Arecales CC: FF060; FF900 CD: Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Environmental-Tolerance-of-Plants PT: Journal-article IS: 0253-6498 UD: 980416 AN: 980302336 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 64 of 94 TI: Temporal responses of community fine root populations to long-term elevated atmospheric CO2 and soil nutrient patches in model tropical ecosystems. AU: Arnone-JA III; Korner-C AD: Department of Botany, University of Basel, Schonbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. SO: From alpine grassland to tropical forests: biological consequences of elevated atmospheric CO2 (a synthesis of Swiss research). Proceedings of a conference held at Basel, Switzerland, March 1996. Acta-Oecologica. 1997, 18: 3, 367-376; 45 ref. PY: 1997 LA: English LS: French AB: Biomass and length density of fine roots, as well as overall allocation of dry matter to root growth, of C3 plants has been shown to increase under elevated CO2. However, it is uncertain whether the stimulatory effect of elevated CO2 on fine root population size in plant communities persists, or whether fine root populations at high CO2 simply reach their maximum sooner (or possibly later) than those produced under ambient CO2. It is also unclear whether increased nutrient demand at the stand-level under elevated CO2 leads to more intense nutrient foraging via enhanced fine root proliferation into relatively nutrient-rich soil microsites. These questions were addressed in a 530-day experiment with model tropical plant communities (Cecropia peltata, Ficus benjamina, Ficus pumila, Ctenanthe lubbersiana, Elettaria cardamomum, Heliconia humilis and Epipremnum pinnatum) established in 4 equivalent ecosystems (17 m3) in which plants shared a common low fertility soil. Fine root (ó2 mm thickness) populations (biomass and length density) in ecosystems maintained at elevated CO2 (610 æl/litre) increased more rapidly than those in ecosystems maintained at ambient CO2 (340 æl/litre) during the first half of the experiment and also remained greater over the entire experiment. The data also indicated that fine root populations at both CO2 levels eventually stabilize, that stabilization occurs sooner under elevated CO2 (occupation of the soil volume), and that steady-state populations under elevated CO2 may be slightly larger than those maintained under ambient CO2. Fine root proliferation into artificially nutrient-enriched microsites was dramatic in all ecosystems (22%-75% greater than into non-enriched soil). However, proliferation into enriched microsites was not enhanced by elevated CO2. Thus, elevated CO2 may not enhance exploitation of nutrient-rich microsites even in low fertility soils, suggesting that increased plant nutrient capture under elevated CO2 may be unlikely. DE: carbon-dioxide-enrichment; responses-; populations-; soil-fertility; ecosystems-; roots-; growth-; plant-development; tropics-; cardamoms-; figs-; tropical-forests; models-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Ficus-pumila; Elettaria-cardamomum; Epipremnum-pinnatum; Cecropia-; Heliconia-; Ficus- ID: Cecropia-peltata; Ctenanthe-lubbersiana; Heliconia-humilis; alpine-grassland-to-tropical-forests-Biological-consequences-of-elevated-atmospheric-CO2-(a-synthesis-of-Swiss-research); Ctenanthe; Cecropiaceae BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Elettaria; Zingiberaceae; Zingiberales; monocotyledons; Epipremnum; Araceae; Arales; Urticaceae; Heliconiaceae; Cecropia; Heliconia; Marantaceae CC: KK100; JJ600; FF061; PP500; PP600; FF060 CD: Forestry-General; Soil-Fertility; Plant-Nutrition; Meteorology-and-Climate; Pollution-and-Degradation; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 1146-609X UD: 980416 AN: 980601057 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 65 of 94 TI: Two new species of Xiphinema (Nematoda, Dorylaimida) from Thailand. AU: Lamberti-F; Troccoli-A; Agostinelli-A AD: Istituto di Nematologia Agraria, C.N.R. - 70126 Bari, Italy. SO: Nematologia-Mediterranea. 1997, 25: 2, 239-247; 9 ref. PY: 1997 LA: English AB: Two new species of Xiphinema from Thailand are described. X. siamense sp. nov. from around the rhizosphere of Litchi chinensis, a monodelphic species, resembles X. radicicola, from which it differs by having a shorter body (L = 1.6 mm), continuous with the rest of the body lip region, oblique vagina and shorter tail (52.0 æm). X. savaryi sp. nov. from the rhizosphere of Ficus benjamina, a didelphic species with reduced anterior ovary, resembles X. insigne, from which it differs by having a longer body (L = 2.4 mm), continuous with the rest of the body lip region, longer tail (142.7 æm) and anterior vulva. The male was not found for either species. DE: new-species; plant-parasitic-nematodes; taxonomy-; forest-pests; nematology- OD: Xiphinema-; Nematoda-; Litchi-chinensis; Ficus-benjamina GE: Thailand- ID: Xiphinema-siamense; Xiphinema-savaryi BT: Longidoridae; Nematoda; invertebrates; animals; Litchi; Sapindaceae; Sapindales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; ASEAN-Countries; Developing-Countries; South-East-Asia; Asia CC: FF600; ZZ380; KK100 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Taxonomy-and-Evolution; Forestry-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0391-9749 UD: 980416 AN: 981700103 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 66 of 94 TI: In vitro propagation of Ficus benjamina by shoot tip culture. AU: Han-BongHee; Joung-HyangYoung; Ko-JaeYoung; Han-BH; Joung-HY; Ko-JY AD: Dep. of Floriculture, Nat'l Hort. Res. Ins. RDA, Suwon 440-310, Korea Republic. SO: Journal-of-the-Korean-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1997, 38: 3, 315-319; 17 ref. PY: 1997 LA: Korean LS: English AB: Shoots of F. benjamina were cultured on a basal medium containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) macroelements, Nitsch & Nitsch microelements and MS vitamins. The effects of cytokinin, auxin, sucrose, adenine sulfate and NaH2PO4.H2O on shoot multiplication and rooting were investigated. Shoot multiplication was good on media supplemented with BA [benzyladenine] at 0.5-2.0 mg/litre or TDZ [thidiazuron] at 0.01-0.05 mg/litre. The best shoot multiplication was obtained on a medium containing BA (1 mg/litre) + IAA (0.1 mg/litre). Shoot multiplication was enhanced on media containing BA + IAA compared with those containing BA alone. Callus formation was stimulated as the concentration of IAA increased. TDZ was not effective at promoting shoot multiplication. Rooting of shoots was observed on media supplemented with TDZ + IAA. Callus formation was inhibited and shoot multiplication was favoured on media containing 10-20 g sucrose/litre, although callus formation was enhanced and shoot multiplication was decreased on media containing >25 g sucrose/litre. Shoot multiplication was inhibited by BA and adenine sulfate, but it was promoted by TDZ (0.01 mg/litre) and adenine sulfate (40-80 mg/litre). The combined addition of NaH2PO4.H2O and BA or TDZ inhibited shoot multiplication, and increased callus formation. DE: sucrose-; shoot-tip-culture; culture-media; callus-; shoots-; regeneration-; roots-; in-vitro-culture; propagation-; micropropagation-; plant-growth-regulators; benzyladenine-; thidiazuron-; IAA-; tissue-culture; forest-trees; ornamental-plants; cytokinins- OD: Ficus-benjamina RN: 57-50-1; 1214-39-7; 51707-55-2; 87-51-4 BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants CC: FF160; FF170; WW000; FF060; KK110 CD: Plant-Propagation; in-vitro-Culture-of-Plant-Material; Biotechnology; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Silviculture PT: Journal-article IS: 0253-6498 UD: 980116 AN: 970309030 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 67 of 94 TI: Codiaeum and Aglaonema give thanks for higher air humidity. OT: Codiaeum und Aglaonema danken houhere Luftfeuchte. AU: Kohlrausch-F; Rober-R AD: Institut fur Zierpflanzenbau, VA/FH Weihenstephan, Am Staudengarten 8, 85350 Freising, Germany. SO: TASPO-Gartenbaumagazin. 1997, 6: 6, 36-37; 2 ref. PY: 1997 LA: German AB: Increase in air humidity from 55 to 82% increased growth and sale value of C. variegatum, A. commutatum and Ficus benjamina pot plants, but not those of Schefflera arboricola. DE: ornamental-woody-plants; ornamental-foliage-plants; cultural-methods; growth-; quality-; development-; pot-plants; production-; ornamental-plants; humidity-; responses- OD: Schefflera-arboricola; Codiaeum-variegatum; Aglaonema-commutatum; Ficus-benjamina GE: Germany- BT: Schefflera; Araliaceae; Apiales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Codiaeum; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales; Aglaonema; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Western-Europe; Europe; Developed-Countries; European-Union-Countries; OECD-Countries CC: FF060; SS200 CD: Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Agricultural-Products-Plant PT: Journal-article UD: 980116 AN: 970309249 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 68 of 94 TI: Callus induction and organ differentiation in the tissue culture of Ficus spp. AU: Arafa-AS; Mohamed-BR; Ibrahim-IA; El-Din-TMN AD: Department of Horticulutre, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. SO: Egyptian-Journal-of-Agricultural-Research. 1993, 71: 4, 987-996; 1 pl., 1 fig.; 13 ref. PY: 1993 LA: English LS: Arabic AB: Callus induction and organ differentiation from leaves and petioles were investigated in F. benjamina and 4 of its cultivars (Starlight, Goldprincess, Comosa, Exotica and California), F. nitida [F. benjamina] and F. lyrata on different media (Murashige and Skoog supplemented with combinations of isopentyl adenine, benzyladenine, IBA and IAA). All explants except those of F. nitida produced callus. Callus cultures of F. lyrata differentiated leafy shoots on media containing high cytokinin and low auxin concentrations. DE: cultivars-; leaves-; stems-; callus-; in-vitro-culture; organogenesis-; benzyladenine-; IBA-; IAA-; plant-growth-regulators; culture-media; shoots-; propagation-; micropropagation- OD: Ficus-benjamina; Ficus-lyrata RN: 1214-39-7; 133-32-4; 87-51-4 BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants CC: FF100; FF060; KK000 CD: Plant-Production; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Forestry,-Forest-Products-and-Agroforestry PT: Journal-article UD: 980116 AN: 970309804 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 69 of 94 TI: Creation of biomass of some horticultural crops in relation to agroclimatic conditions of environment. AU: Hricovsky-I AD: Department of Horticulture and Agrometeorology, University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia. SO: Acta-Fytotechnica. 1995, 50: 91-92. PY: 1995 LA: English AB: Six trials were conducted with different horticultural crops to examine the effects of various cultural techniques and climatic conditions. (1) Plums were grown on several sites to assess the effect of weather conditions on the spread of plum pox virus. High incidence of the virus and a consequent decrease in yields were found with a combination of a cool, dry autumn, wet winter, dry spring with frequent frosts and cool, rainy summer. (2) The differentiation of axillary buds in the black currant cultivars Otelo and Favorit was examined during the year. Organogenesis proceeded throughout the summer, with the final stage continuing until February in the following year. Irrigation increased the number of buds and flowers/shoot, resulting in a 20% increase in yield. (3) The effects of supplementary irrigation and fertilizer application were examined in peach cultivars Redhaven, Sunhaven and Elberta. Fertilizers considerably improved fruit quality and yield of irrigated trees. (4) Strawberries (cv. Senga Sengana) were treated with the foliar fertilizer Titavin. An increasing number of applications increased yield and fruit quality. Fruit concentrations of Cd, Hg and Pb were decreased by Titavin. (5) In field trials, sweet pepper [Capsicum] cv. Rubinova, tomato cv. Aneta and carrot cultivars Trophy and Hanacky received soil applications of Desulfovibrio bacteria in an attempt to reduce plant Cd concentrations. Treatment reduced Cd to permissible levels in all crops. Mulching with a biodegradable plastic sheet increased Capsicum yields by 50% and tomato yields by 60%, but did not affect fruit quality. (6) The influence of the mutagen sodium azide on Punica granatum cv. Nana, Euphorbia milii and Ficus benjamina, with a view to creating material for use as bonsai, was determined. The mutagen was effective for P. granatum, producing several plants exhibiting slower growth, slimmer stems and smaller leaves than normal. DE: plums-; climate-; black-currants; buds-; development-; irrigation-; peaches-; fertilizers-; strawberries-; tomatoes-; carrots-; mulching-; sodium-azide; bonsai-; pomegranates- OD: Capsicum-; Desulfovibrio-; Punica-granatum; Euphorbia-milii; Ficus-benjamina; Prunus-; Ribes-nigrum; Prunus-persica; Fragaria-; Lycopersicon-; Daucus-carota GE: Slovakia- RN: 26628-22-8 BT: Solanaceae; Solanales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Gracilicutes; bacteria; prokaryotes; Punica; Punicaceae; Myrtales; Euphorbia; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Rosaceae; Rosales; Ribes; Grossulariaceae; Prunus; Daucus; Apiaceae; Apiales; Central-Europe; Europe; Developed-Countries CC: FF100; FF600; PP500; FF030; JJ800; JJ700; QQ050; JJ900; FF020 CD: Plant-Production; Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Meteorology-and-Climate; Plant-Morphology-and-Structure; Soil-Water-Management; Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments; Crop-Produce; Soil-Cultivation; Plant-Breeding-and-Genetics PT: Journal-article UD: 980116 AN: 970310099 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 70 of 94 TI: Rapid multiplication of Ficus benjamina using tissue culture technique. AU: Ibrahim-IA; El-Din-TMN; Mohamed-BR; Arafa-AS AD: Horticultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt. SO: Egyptian-Journal-of-Agricultural-Research. 1992, 70: 4, 1301-1308; 13 ref. PY: 1992 LA: English LS: Arabic AB: Shoot tips (2-3 mm) of F. benjamina were placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3% sucrose, thiamine HCl at 0.4 mg/litre, inositol at 100 mg/litre, adenine sulfate at 80 mg/litre, NaH2PO4 at 170 mg/litre, IAA at 0.3 mg/litre and isopentenyl adenine (2ip) at 30 mg/litre. Cultures were maintained at 1000 lux for 16 h/day at 27øC. New shoots were transferred to MS medium supplemented with kinetin or benzyladenine (0, 0.001, 0.01 or 0.1 mg/litre). Benzyladenine was the most effective cytokinin for promoting shoot production. Rooting of shoots was observed in MS medium without the addition of growth regulators. Adding activated charcoal (2 mg/litre) appeared to be beneficial for rooting. Rooted plantlets were successfully established in the greenhouse. DE: foliage-plants; shoots-; sucrose-; plant-growth-regulators; IAA-; in-vitro-culture; propagation-; micropropagation-; kinetin-; benzyladenine-; rooting-; regeneration-; roots-; forest-trees OD: Ficus-benjamina RN: 57-50-1; 87-51-4; 525-79-1; 1214-39-7 BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants CC: FF160; FF170; WW000; FF060; KK110 CD: Plant-Propagation; in-vitro-Culture-of-Plant-Material; Biotechnology; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Silviculture PT: Journal-article UD: 980116 AN: 970311524 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 71 of 94 TI: Variety: 'Midnight Beauty'. Application no: 96/199. AU: Geest-J-van; Van-Geest-J AD: Plantenkwekerij BV, Netherlands. SO: Plant-Varieties-Journal. 1997, 10: 1, 42. PY: 1997 LA: English AB: Submitted for the registration of plant variety rights in Australia, this weeping fig (Ficus benjamina) variety originated as a spontaneous mutation in Vivian and was selected for compact upright growth, plant vigour and dark-green leaves. DE: varieties-; figs-; leaves-; plant-morphology; cultivars-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Ficus- GE: Australia- ID: Midnight-Beauty BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Australasia; Oceania; Commonwealth-of-Nations; Developed-Countries; OECD-Countries CC: FF020; FF030 CD: Plant-Breeding-and-Genetics; Plant-Morphology-and-Structure PT: Journal-article IS: 1030-9748 UD: 980116 AN: 971610474 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 72 of 94 TI: Effect of light acclimatization on photosynthetic activity of foliage plants. AU: Park-SoHong; Lee-YongBeom; Park-SH; Lee-YB AD: Dept. of Environ. Hort., Seoul City Univ., Seoul 130-743, Korea Republic. SO: Journal-of-the-Korean-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1997, 38: 1, 71-76; 36 ref. PY: 1997 LA: Korean LS: English AB: The photosynthetic activities of 10 foliage plants (all ò2-years-old), grown under 40 or 80% shade, were investigated in a plastic house. Plants grown under low light intensity (80% shade) showed high photosynthetic rates at ó200 æmol m-2 s-1. Plants grown under high light intensity (40% shade) showed high photosynthetic rates at ò300 æmol m-2 s-1. Spathiphyllum patinii, Monstera deliciosa, Ficus benjamina and Syngonium podophyllum showed relatively high photosynthetic rates under low photon flux density regardless of leaf temperature and shade levels. In conditions similar to the indoor environment (50 æmol m-2 s-1 light and 22 øC), plants grown under 80% shade showed higher photosynthetic rates than those grown under 40% shade except Pachira aquatica. It was concluded that plants should be fully acclimatized to 80% shade before growing in buildings whose light intensity is ó50 æmol m-2 s-1. In areas with a higher light intensity (200 æmol m-2 s-1), plants acclimatized inside greenhouses (40% shade) are suitable. DE: light-intensity; transpiration-; temperature-; shade-; ornamental-foliage-plants; light-; acclimatization-; activity-; photosynthesis-; ornamental-plants OD: Bombacaceae-; Spathiphyllum-; Monstera-deliciosa; Ficus-benjamina; Syngonium-podophyllum ID: Pachira; Spathiphyllum-patinii; Pachira-aquatica BT: Malvales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Monstera; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Syngonium; Bombacaceae CC: FF100; FF060; FF900 CD: Plant-Production; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Environmental-Tolerance-of-Plants PT: Journal-article IS: 0253-6498 UD: 971016 AN: 970306118 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 73 of 94 TI: Allergy to Ficus benjamina. OT: Ficus benjamina Allergie. AU: Brehler-R; Theissen-U AD: Zentrum fur Dermatologie und Venerologie, Von Esmarch-Strasse 56, D-48149 Munster, Germany. SO: Hautarzt. 1996, 47: 10, 780-782; 12 ref. PY: 1996 LA: German LS: English AB: The case of a 48-year-old patient suffering from asthma and conjunctivitis caused by an immediate type allergy to weeping fig (Ficus benjamina) is reported. DE: allergies-; asthma-; conjunctivitis- OD: ficus-benjamina BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants CC: KK510; FF040; VV800 CD: Wood-Properties-and-Utilization; Plant-Composition; Human-Toxicology,-Poisoning-and-Pharmacology PT: Journal-article IS: 0017-8470 UD: 971016 AN: 970607601 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 74 of 94 TI: Will rising atmospheric CO2 affect leaf litter quality and in situ decomposition rates in native plant communities? AU: Hirschel-G; Korner-C; Arnone-JA III AD: Department of Botany, University of Basel, Schonbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. SO: Oecologia. 1997, 110: 3, 387-392; 43 ref. PY: 1997 LA: English AB: Results from leaf litter decomposition studies in Panama and Switzerland are discussed, with reference to the common assumption that rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations will reduce leaf litter quality and decomposition rates in terrestrial ecosystems, and that this will lead to reductions in nutrient cycling rates and increased C sequestration in native ecosystems. Generally, the quality of naturally senesced leaf litter (measured as concentrations of C, N and lignin; also C:N and lignin:N ratios) of a variety of alpine, temperate and tropical plants maintained at elevated CO2 (600-680 ælitre litre-1) was not significantly different from that produced in similar communities maintained at current ambient CO2 concentrations (340-355 ælitre litre-1). When this litter was allowed to decompose in situ in a humid tropical forest in Panama (Cecropia peltata, Elettaria cardamomum, and Ficus benjamina, 130 days exposure) and in a lowland temperate calcareous grassland in Switzerland (Carex flacca and a graminoid species mixture, 261 days exposure), litter decomposition rates did not differ significantly between ambient and elevated CO2. The one exception to this pattern occurred in the high alpine sedge, Carex curvula, growing in the Swiss Alps: in situ decomposition of litter under elevated CO2 was significantly slower than that of litter produced under ambient CO2 (14% vs. 21% of initial litter mass had decomposed over a 61-day exposure period, respectively). Overall, results indicate that relatively little or no change in leaf litter quality can be expected in many ecosystems as atmospheric CO2 concentrations continue to rise. Even in situations where small reductions in litter quality do occur, these may not necessarily lead to significantly slower rates of decomposition. Thus, for many native species, in situ litter decomposition rates, and the time course of decomposition, may remain relatively unaffected by rising CO2. DE: forest-trees; temperate-zones; temperate-grasslands; decomposition-; alpine-grasslands; quality-; plant-communities; forest-ecology; ecosystems-; climatic-change; vegetation-types; tropical-forests; grasslands-; carbon-dioxide-enrichment; forest-litter; cardamoms- OD: Elettaria-cardamomum; Ficus-benjamina; Carex-flacca; Carex-; Cecropia- GE: Switzerland-; Panama- ID: Cecropia-peltata; Carex-curvula; Cecropiaceae BT: Elettaria; Zingiberaceae; Zingiberales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; Carex; Cyperaceae; Cyperales; Urticaceae; Western-Europe; Europe; Developed-Countries; EFTA; OECD-Countries; Developing-Countries; Central-America; America; Latin-America; Threshold-Countries; Cecropia CC: PP500; JJ100; KK100; PP720; PP350 CD: Meteorology-and-Climate; Soil-Biology; Forestry-General; Biological-Resources-Plant; Grasslands-and-Rangelands PT: Journal-article IS: 0029-8549 UD: 970716 AN: 970605987 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 75 of 94 TI: Variety: 'Francis Goldstar' syn Francis. Application no: 95/062. CA: Denis-Plants. AD: Denis-Plants, Destelbergen, Belgium. SO: Plant-Varieties-Journal. 1996, 9: 3, 70. PY: 1996 LA: English AB: Derived as a spontaneous mutation in Ficus benjamina cv. Golden King and submitted for the registration of plant variety rights in Australia, this compact weeping fig variety is noted for its variegated leaves. Leaf margins, an average of 21.2% of leaf area, are RHS 144B, becoming lighter with age. The centre of the leaf is characterized by irregularly shaped bi-colour variegation originating from the midrib: RHS 147B and RHS 137A (7 and 71.8% of leaf area, respectively). DE: figs-; leaves-; variegation-; cultivars-; mutations-; colour-; varieties-; characteristics-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Ficus- GE: Australia- ID: Francis-Goldstar; Francis BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Australasia; Oceania; Commonwealth-of-Nations; Developed-Countries; OECD-Countries CC: FF020; FF030 CD: Plant-Breeding-and-Genetics; Plant-Morphology-and-Structure PT: Journal-article IS: 1030-9748 UD: 970716 AN: 971603478 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 76 of 94 TI: Simulation model of thermal environment and comfort in rooms where plants are placed. AU: Nishina-H; Nakamura-H; Asaumi-H; Masui-Y; Hashimoto-Y AD: College of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790, Japan. SO: Environment-Control-in-Biology. 1995, 33: 4, 277-284; 1 fig.; 18 ref. PY: 1995 LA: Japanese LS: English AB: A non-steady state simulation model of the thermal environment and comfort level (for humans) in a room where plants were placed was developed. The ornamental foliage plants which were assumed to be placed in the room were Schefflera arboricola cv. Hong Kong, Dracaena fragrans cv. Massangeana, Ficus benjamina and Epipremnum aureum [E. pinnatum]. Parameters included stomatal resistances and shading ratios. The results are reported and discussed. DE: simulation-models; physiology-; environment-; shading-; stomata-; ornamental-foliage-plants; utilization-; interior-decoration; ornamental-plants OD: Schefflera-arboricola; Dracaena-fragrans; Ficus-benjamina; Epipremnum-pinnatum BT: Schefflera; Araliaceae; Apiales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Dracaena; Agavaceae; Liliales; monocotyledons; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Epipremnum; Araceae; Arales CC: FF060; VV000; ZZ100 CD: Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Human-Health-and-Hygiene-General; Mathematics-and-Statistics PT: Journal-article UD: 970416 AN: 970300597 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 77 of 94 TI: The influence of light and temperature on the dynamic behaviour of Ficus benjamina 'Exotica'. AU: Dijkshoorn-Dekker-MWC; Larsen-RU AD: Research Station for Floriculture and Glasshouse Vegetables, Linnaeuslaan 2a, 1431 JV Aalsmeer, Netherlands. SO: International workshop on greenhouse crop models, Alnarp, Sweden, 21-25 August 1995. Acta-Horticulturae. 1996, No. 417, 65-67; 11 ref. PY: 1996 LA: English AB: With a view to developing an information management system to help pot plant growers to achieve a defined marketable product, this paper considers the relationships on which such a system is based, using F. benjamina cv. Exotica as the pilot crop. A definition of visual quality was obtained by linking subjective data, i.e. panel judgement by growers, to objective criteria determined by image processing (for which the plant was divided into 5 layers, each 20 cm wide). The total impression was mainly explained by the density, viewed from the front, of the third and fourth layers and by the width of the third layer viewed from the side. The width of the fourth and fifth layers viewed from the front accounted for only a small percentage of the total impression. The dynamic behaviour of F. benjamina was studied under a range of spacings and temperatures in summer and winter. Plant features were strongly influenced by temperature and light (spacing). Plants propagated from tissue culture showed a very regular growth pattern. The results will be used to develop a relational diagram of plant development. DE: plant-morphology; plant-development; ornamental-foliage-plants; image-processing; pot-plants; quality-; assessment-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina ID: International-workshop-on-greenhouse-crop-models BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants CC: FF030; FF060; ZZ100; NN050; SS200; SS230 CD: Plant-Morphology-and-Structure; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Mathematics-and-Statistics; Computer-and-Electronic-Systems; Agricultural-Products-Plant; Composition-and-Quality-of-Plant-Products PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 IB: 90-6605-898-6 UD: 970416 AN: 970301721 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 78 of 94 TI: Lead and cadmium in leaves of ornamentals grown along urban roads. AU: Romano-D; Abate-L; Lorenzini-G (ed.); Soldatini-GF AD: Istituto di Orticoltura e Floricoltura dell'Universita, Catania, Italy. SO: Responses of plants to air pollution: biological and economic aspects: Proceedings of a conference held in Pisa, Italy, 7-8 April 1994. 1995, 189-193; Agricoltura Mediterranea Special Volume; 4 ref. PB: Pacini Editore; Pisa; Italy PY: 1995 LA: English LS: Italian AB: Leaves of 10 ornamentals (Ailanthus altissima, Ficus benjamina, Lantana camara, Ligustrum vulgare, Nerium oleander, Olea europaea var. oleaster, Pinus halepensis, Pittosporum tobira, Platanus X acerifolia and Tilia cordata) growing in an urban area along a road with heavy motor traffic were analysed for lead and cadmium content before and after washing in distilled water. In 4 species (Nerium oleander, Lantana camara, Pittosporum tobira and Tilia cordata), lead and cadmium contents were studied in relation to sampling area (urban or rural) and season (September, December, March or June). Each species showed a different ability in removing the heavy metals from their environment; this ability could not be totally explained by differences in specific leaf area. Lead and cadmium contents were higher in samples collected in urban areas and highest in September. Washing the leaves removed 74% of lead on average and between 0.4 (T. cordata) and 57.8% (L. camara) of cadmium. DE: street-trees; roads-; ornamental-woody-plants; pollution-; lead-; cadmium-; exhaust-gases; uptake-; ornamental-plants; olives- OD: Ailanthus-altissima; Ficus-benjamina; Lantana-camara; Ligustrum-vulgare; Nerium-oleander; Olea-europaea; Pinus-halepensis; Pittosporum-tobira; Platanus-acerifolia; Tilia-cordata; Lamiales- GE: Italy- RN: 7439-92-1; 7440-43-9 BT: Ailanthus; Simaroubaceae; Sapindales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Lantana; Verbenaceae; Ligustrum; Oleaceae; Scrophulariales; Nerium; Apocynaceae; Gentianales; Olea; Pinus; Pinaceae; Pinopsida; gymnosperms; Pittosporum; Pittosporaceae; Rosales; Platanus; Platanaceae; Hamamelidales; Tilia; Tiliaceae; Malvales; Developed-Countries; European-Union-Countries; Mediterranean-Region; OECD-Countries; Southern-Europe; Europe CC: PP600; FF700 CD: Pollution-and-Degradation; Plant-Disorders-and-Injuries-Not-caused-directly-by-Organisms PT: Conference-paper IB: 88-7781-109-9 UD: 970416 AN: 970302356 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 79 of 94 TI: Occurrence of African mistletoe Erianthemum ulugurense on Toona ciliata and other trees in Kenya. AU: Omunyin-ME; Wabule-MN AD: Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. SO: Plant-Disease. 1996, 80: 7, 823; 1 ref. PY: 1996 LA: English AB: In 1984, in Kenya, E. ulugurense was found growing as a shrub on trunks and branches of Toona ciliata. Incidence of E. ulugurense was 69% in the area tested (4 quadrats of 50X50 m). Several thick, erect stems occurred at the infection point which often swelled to produce a tumour. E. ulugurense caused dieback of branches on other tree species and the host range included Bauhinia monandra, Cassia siamea, Ficus benjamina, Callistemon rigidus, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Nerium oleander, Punica granatum and Schinus molle. DE: trees-; parasitic-plants; ornamental-woody-plants; hardwoods-; host-parasite-relationships; weeds-; mistletoes-; forest-trees; broadleaves-; ornamental-plants; pomegranates- OD: toona-ciliata; Cassia-siamea; Ficus-benjamina; Jacaranda-mimosifolia; Nerium-oleander; Punica-granatum; Schinus-molle GE: Kenya- ID: erianthemum-ulugurense; Bauhinia-monandra; Callistemon-rigidus BT: Toona; Meliaceae; Sapindales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Cassia; Caesalpinioideae; Fabaceae; Fabales; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Jacaranda; Bignoniaceae; Scrophulariales; Nerium; Apocynaceae; Gentianales; Punica; Punicaceae; Myrtales; Schinus; Anacardiaceae; East-Africa; Africa-South-of-Sahara; Africa; ACP-Countries; Anglophone-Africa; Commonwealth-of-Nations; Developing-Countries; Bauhinia; Callistemon; Myrtaceae CC: FF500; KK100 CD: Weeds-and-Noxious-Plants; Forestry-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0191-2917 UD: 970416 AN: 972300494 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 80 of 94 TI: Property changes in mixed media for pot flower made of several organic materials. AU: Ryu-ByoungYeul; Lee-JeongSik; Ryu-BY; Lee-JS AD: Dept. of Envir. Hort., Seoul City Univ., Seoul 130-743, Korea Republic. SO: Journal-of-the-Korean-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1996, 37: 1, 127-135; 20 ref. PY: 1996 LA: Korean LS: English AB: Composts made from combinations of rice straw, rice hulls, sawdust or peanut [groundnut] hulls, either treated with 1, 2 or 4% H2O2 or 10% Ca(OH)2 or untreated, in combination with sand, paddy field soil or carbonized chaff, were used for growing Ficus benjamina. Three control composts were made from combinations of peat, soil from uncultivated fields, cow dung, leaf mould, sandy soil or paddy field soil. The porosity and moisture holding capacities of composts tended to decrease with period of cultivation. The pH only increased in a control compost containing peat. The organic matter content, C/N ratio, CEC, and K and P2O5 contents of all composts decreased. The Ca content was high in composts made with Ca(OH)2-treated rice straw, rice hulls, sawdust or peanut hulls. Good composts for F. benjamina were those containing H2O2-treated sawdust, rice straw or rice hulls or Ca(OH)2-treated sawdust in combination with sand and paddy field straw. The best light medium for growth was one composed of carbonized chaff:H2O2-treated rice hulls:Ca(OH)2-treated sawdust:Ca(OH)2-treated peanut hulls in a ratio of 2:3:2:3. DE: materials-; growth-; husks-; chaff-; lime-; hydrogen-peroxide; leaf-mould; farmyard-manure; peat-; sand-; leaves-; pH-; carbon-; nitrogen-; potassium-; phosphorus-; ornamental-woody-plants; growing-media; composition-; sawdust-; straw-; plant-residues; utilization-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina RN: 7722-84-1; 7440-44-0; 7727-37-9; 7440-09-7; 7723-14-0 BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants CC: FF100; JJ600 CD: Plant-Production; Soil-Fertility PT: Journal-article IS: 0253-6498 UD: 970101 AN: 960309634 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 81 of 94 TI: Effect of different media on different rubber plant spp. cuttings. AU: Ishtiaq-M; Fozia-Khattak; Abdur-Rab AD: Department of Horticulture, NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan. SO: Sarhad-Journal-of-Agriculture. 1995, 11: 4, 463-466; 7 ref. PY: 1995 LA: English AB: In experiments conducted to investigate the effect of different media on the rooting of cuttings, cuttings of Ficus benjamina, F. elastica, F. elastica cv. Tricolor and F. microcarpa cv. Hawaii were placed in sand, silt, sawdust or a mixture of the three. Data showed that the medium had no significant effect on bud break, percentage plant survival, plant height and plant thickness, while species had a significant effect on percentage plant survival and bud break. The number of leaves and number of branches were highest when cuttings were placed in sand. F. benjamina produced the highest number of leaves (14) and branches (3). The medium had no significant effect on root length, while species had a significant effect and F. benjamina produced the longest roots (29 cm). Root length and root weight were not significantly affected by the medium. DE: planting-stock; cuttings-; rooting-; growing-media; sand-; sawdust-; silt-; utilization-; propagation-; vegetative-propagation; multipurpose-trees; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Ficus-elastica; Ficus- GE: Pakistan- ID: Ficus-microcarpa BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Commonwealth-of-Nations; Developing-Countries; South-Asia; Asia CC: FF160; KK100; KK600 CD: Plant-Propagation; Forestry-General; Agroforestry PT: Journal-article IS: 1016-4383 UD: 970101 AN: 960309985 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 82 of 94 TI: Measuring fast fluorescence transients to address environmental questions: the JIP-test. AU: Strasser-BJ; Strasser-RJ; Mathis-P AD: University of Geneva, Laboratory of Bioenergetics, 1254 Jussy-Geneva, Switzerland. SO: Photosynthesis: from light to biosphere. Volume V. Proceedings of the Xth International Photosynthesis Congress, Montpellier, France, 20-25 August, 1995. 1995, 977-980; 3 ref. PB: Kluwer Academic Publishers; Dordrecht; Netherlands PY: 1995 LA: English AB: A method of analysing photosynthetic systems is described which is based on the measurement of a fast fluorescence transient with a 10 æs resolution in a time span from 40 æs to 1 s. The technique is tested using pea and Ficus benjamina leaves. DE: leaves-; methodology-; peas-; techniques-; chlorophyll-; fluorescence-; photosynthesis-; measurement-; vegetables-; vegetable-legumes; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Fabaceae- ID: Photosynthesis-from-light-to-biosphere; International-photosynthesis-congress RN: 1406-65-1 BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Fabales CC: FF060; ZZ900 CD: Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Techniques-and-Methodology PT: Conference-paper IB: 0-7923-3861-8 (Vol. V)\0-7923-3862-6 (set) UD: 970101 AN: 960709476 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 83 of 94 TI: Wood fibre substrates are also suitable for foliage plants. OT: Holzfasersubstrate eignen sich auch fur Grunpflanzen. AU: Grantzau-E AD: Lehr- und Versuchsanstalt fur Gartenbau, Hannover-Ahlem, Heisterbergallee 12, 30453 Hannover, Germany. SO: Gartenbaumagazin. 1995, 4: 12, 20-21; 1 col. pl. PY: 1995 LA: German LS: English AB: Ficus benjamina cv. Golden Princess plants were grown from cuttings in different wood fibre substrates and in standard substrates based on peat, soil or bark. Plants grown in wood fibre substrate were of similar quality to those grown in standard substrates, but unless the substrate had been specially prepared for plant growth they tended to be smaller. To obtain good-sized plants, fertilizer application starting immediately after the onset of rooting was necessary; good results were obtained with 100 mg N/litre together with P and K in the ratio 20:10:20. In order to allow for likely N fixation losses when using pure wood fibre substrates, it may be advisable to increase the N dose to 200-300 mg/litre. Data are tabulated on nutrient contents of the various substrates at the beginning and end of the culture period. DE: ornamental-foliage-plants; wood-residues; fertilizers-; growing-media; composition-; pot-plants; production-; cultural-methods; plant-residues; utilization-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants CC: FF100; JJ900; KK540; XX200; XX600 CD: Plant-Production; Soil-Cultivation; Forest-Products-Miscellaneous,-including-Minor-Forest-Products; Plant-Wastes; Waste-Conversion-and-Utilization PT: Journal-article UD: 961001 AN: 960307735 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 84 of 94 TI: Effect of media compositions made by several organic materials on the growth of Ficus benjamina. AU: Ryu-ByoungYeul; Lee-JeongSik; Ryu-BY; Lee-JS AD: Department of Environmental Horticulture, Seoul City University, Seoul 130-743, Korea Republic. SO: Journal-of-the-Korean-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1996, 37: 2, 292-298; 15 ref. PY: 1996 LA: Korean LS: English AB: The effects of different media (combinations of untreated, lime-treated or H2O2-treated rice straw, rice hulls, sawdust or peanut hulls in combination with sand, paddy field soil or carbonized chaff) on the growth of F. benjamina were investigated and compared with growth in 3 control media (various combinations of soil, leaf mould, cow manure, peat moss, sand or paddy field soil). Generally media containing lime- or H2O2-treated rice straw, rice hulls, sawdust or peanut hulls were better than those containing untreated rice straw, rice hulls, sawdust or peanut [groundnut] hulls. A negative correlation was observed between plant height and media porosity. A positive correlation was observed between plant height and bulk density. Leaf number was negatively correlated to pH, P2O5 and K contents of media. The optimum medium for growth had a bulk density of 0.8-1 g/ml, 50-60% porosity, pH of 5.5-6, CEC of 20-25 meq/100 g, 500-600 mg phosphate/litre and 1-2 meq Mg/100 g. The best light medium for growth was one containing carbonized chaff:H2O2-rice hulls:lime-sawdust:lime peanut hulls in a ratio 2:3:2:3. DE: materials-; growth-; husks-; chaff-; lime-; hydrogen-peroxide; leaf-mould; farmyard-manure; peat-; sand-; leaves-; pH-; potassium-; magnesium-; phosphate-; phosphorus-; growing-media; composition-; sawdust-; straw-; plant-residues; utilization-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina RN: 7722-84-1; 7440-09-7; 7439-95-4; 7723-14-0 BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants CC: FF100; JJ600 CD: Plant-Production; Soil-Fertility PT: Journal-article IS: 0253-6498 UD: 961001 AN: 960309240 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 85 of 94 TI: A model of the effects of temperature and time on the acceptability of potted plants stored in darkness. AU: Tijskens-LMM; Sloof-M; Wilkinson-EC; Doorn-WG-van; Van-Doorn-WG AD: Agrotechnological Research Institute (ATO-DLO), P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. SO: Postharvest-Biology-and-Technology. 1996, 8: 4, 293-305; 12 ref. PY: 1996 LA: English AB: The effects of 6 storage durations (1-21 days) and 6 constant temperatures (5-30øC) were assessed in trials on the acceptability of 20 potted plants (Anthurium scherzerianum, Azalea indica [Rhododendron indicum], Begonia, chrysanthemums, cineraria, Codiaeum variegatum cv. Norma, Cyclamen persicum, Dieffenbachia cv. Marianne, Dracaena fragrans, Euphorbia pulcherrima, Ficus benjamina, Guzmania minor [G. lingulata], Hedera canariensis [H. helix subsp. canariensis], Kalanchoe, Nephrolepis exaltata cv. Teddy Junior, Philodendron erubescens, Rhaphidophora aurea [Epipremnum pinnatum], Saintpaulia ionantha, Schefflera cv. Henriette and Yucca aloifolia). A wide range of temperatures gave optimum storage (minimum quality loss) when the plants were stored for a relatively short time, but the range became progressively smaller as the products were stored for longer. The results were used to devise a model describing the effects of temperature and time on the acceptability of the potted plants by the buyer. All plants were sensitive to high-temperature-induced deterioration and most plants were sensitive to chilling. The apparent rate of decrease in the percentage of acceptable plants in time was therefore described as a sum of 2 separate reaction rates, both dependent on temperature according to Arrhenius' law. Application of non-linear regression techniques allowed analysis of the data in their entirety using one model formulation for all species tested. Except for E. pulcherrima (87%) and P. erubescens (88%), the explained variance (R2adj) exceeded 90% for all species and was >95% for 8 species, which implies that the present generic approach is feasible. The model was converted into a dynamic formulation by applying partial differentiation with respect to time. The dynamic formulation allows calculation of the effect of temperature changes during storage and transport. DE: temperature-; duration-; cold-zones; crop-quality; ornamental-plants; pot-plants; storage-; handling-; chrysanthemums-; models-; mathematical-models; poinsettias- OD: Rhododendron-; Philodendron-; Anthurium-scherzerianum; Begonia-; Codiaeum-variegatum; Cyclamen-persicum; Dieffenbachia-; Dracaena-fragrans; Ficus-benjamina; Guzmania-lingulata; Hedera-helix-subsp.-canariensis; Kalanchoe-; Nephrolepis-exaltata; Epipremnum-pinnatum; Saintpaulia-; Schefflera-; Yucca-aloifolia; Senecio-; Euphorbia-pulcherrima ID: Rhododendron-indicum; Philodendron-erubescens BT: Ericaceae; Ericales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Anthurium; Begoniaceae; Violales; Codiaeum; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales; Cyclamen; Primulaceae; Primulales; Dracaena; Agavaceae; Liliales; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Guzmania; Bromeliaceae; Bromeliales; Hedera-helix; Hedera; Araliaceae; Apiales; Crassulaceae; Rosales; Nephrolepis; Oleandraceae; ferns; Pteridophyta; Epipremnum; Gesneriaceae; Scrophulariales; Yucca; Asteraceae; Asterales; Euphorbia; Rhododendron; Philodendron CC: SS210; SS230 CD: Biodeterioration,-Storage-Problems-and-Pests-of-Plant-Products; Composition-and-Quality-of-Plant-Products PT: Journal-article IS: 0925-5214 UD: 961001 AN: 960309247 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 86 of 94 TI: Two species of Rhizoecus Kunckel d'Herculais, 1878 (Homoptera, Coccoidea, Pseudococcidae) new for the Italian fauna. OT: Due Rhizoecus Kunckel d'Herculais, 1878 (Homoptera, Coccoidea, Pseudococcidae) nuovi per la fauna italiana. AU: Marotta-S AD: Dipartimento di Biologia, Difesa e Biotecnologie Agro-forestali, Universita degli Studi della Basilicata, Via Nazario Sauro 85, 85100 Potenza, Italy. SO: Bollettino-di-Zoologia-Agraria-e-di-Bachicoltura. 1995, 27: 1, 117-121; 24 ref. PY: 1995 LA: Italian LS: English AB: Two species belonging to the genus Rhizoecus collected from ornamental plants in greenhouses are reported as new for the Italian fauna. Rhizoecus dianthi, a polyphagous species, was collected from the roots of African violet (Saintpaulia ionantha), while R. latus was collected from the roots of Ficus benjamina. Brief notes are given on the morphology, taxonomy and geographic distribution of the 2 species. A key for the identification of the species of Rhizoecus so far identified in Italy is provided. DE: insect-pests; plant-pests; anatomy-; ornamental-plants; geographical-distribution; greenhouse-crops; distribution-; morphology-; keys-; taxonomy-; agricultural-entomology OD: Saintpaulia-ionantha; Ficus-benjamina; Rhizoecus-; arthropods- GE: Italy- ID: Rhizoecus-dianthi; Rhizoecus-latus BT: Saintpaulia; Gesneriaceae; Scrophulariales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Pseudococcidae; Coccoidea; Sternorrhyncha; Homoptera; Hemiptera; insects; arthropods; invertebrates; animals; Developed-Countries; European-Union-Countries; Mediterranean-Region; OECD-Countries; Southern-Europe; Europe; Rhizoecus CC: FF600; PP710; LL300 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Biological-Resources-Animal; Animal-Behaviour PT: Journal-article IS: 0366-2403 UD: 961001 AN: 961106058 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 87 of 94 TI: In vitro culture of three Ficus benjamina L. clones. OT: Cultivo in vitro de tres clones de Ficus benjamina L. AU: Trujillo-R; Daquinta-M; Cobo-I; Escalona-M; Borroto-CG AD: Centro de Bioplantas, ISACA, Ciego de Avila, Cuba. SO: Centro-Agricola. 1994, 21: 2, 82-87; 9 ref. PY: 1994 LA: Spanish LS: English AB: Shoot explants of the F. benjamina cultivars Natasja, Exotica and Golden King were cultured on modified MS medium supplemented with 1, 2, 3 or 4 mg BA/litre and transferred to fresh medium every 4 weeks. Multiple shoot formation was observed on the medium containing 2 mg BA/litre after 3 subcultures in all 3 cultivars. In Golden King, multiple shoot formation only occurred at 2 mg BA/litre, but in Exotica it also occurred (to a lesser extent) at 3 mg/litre and in Natasja it occurred (to varying extents) at all BA concentrations. After the 8th subculture, Natasja and Exotica shoots were excised and transferred to MS medium containing 0-0.5 mg IBA and 0-1 mg IAA/litre, respectively, for the adaptation phase. Plantlet length, root length, leaf size and number of internodes were recorded. In both cultivars, the growth-regulator-free medium gave the best overall results. DE: ornamental-woody-plants; foliage-plants; tissue-culture; organogenesis-; in-vitro-culture; propagation-; micropropagation-; responses-; cultivars-; plant-growth-regulators; benzyladenine-; IAA-; IBA-; forest-trees; multipurpose-trees; ornamental-plants; cytokinins- OD: Ficus-benjamina RN: 1214-39-7; 87-51-4; 133-32-4 BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants CC: FF160; FF170; KK110; KK600 CD: Plant-Propagation; in-vitro-Culture-of-Plant-Material; Silviculture; Agroforestry PT: Journal-article UD: 960701 AN: 960305653 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 88 of 94 TI: Annual reports 1993-1994. AU: Karhu-S; Nissinen-M; Sorvari-S; Sarkka-L AD: Agricultural Research Centre (MTT), Institute of Horticulture, Toivonlinnantie 518, FIN-21500 Piikkio, Finland. SO: 1995, 48 pp.; 47 ref. PB: Agricultural Research Centre of Finland, Institute of Horticulture; Piikkio; Finland PY: 1995 LA: English AB: This report provides information on current research projects, including the breeding of apple cultivars and rootstocks, currants and strawberries; breeding and propagation by cuttings of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides); pollination of blueberries; production of artificial seeds from, and genetic transformation of, carrot somatic embryos; regeneration of strawberry shoots from leaf disks in vitro; micropropagation and field-performance of apples and honeysuckle (Lonicera spp.); year-round cultivation in greenhouses and keeping quality of Lysimachia clethroides and Campanula persicifolia cut flowers; supplementary lighting in greenhouse cultivation of the pot plants Dracaena, Ficus benjamina and Schizanthus wisetonensis; irrigation systems for greenhouse tomatoes; cultivation of culinary herbs in Finland; and selection of winter-hardy woody ornamentals. DE: apples-; cultivars-; rootstocks-; plant-breeding; black-currants; white-currants; red-currants; strawberries-; propagation-; blueberries-; artificial-seeds; genetic-transformation; carrots-; micropropagation-; in-vitro-culture; lighting-; supplementary-light; irrigation-; cultural-methods; cuttings-; pollination-; protected-cultivation; winter-hardiness; fruit-crops; vegetables-; cut-flowers; pot-plants; culinary-herbs; ornamental-woody-plants; tomatoes- OD: Malus-pumila; Ribes-; Fragaria-; Hippophae-rhamnoides; Vaccinium-; Daucus-carota; Lonicera-; Campanula-persicifolia; Lycopersicon-esculentum; Dracaena-; Ficus-benjamina; Malus-; Ribes-nigrum; Ribes-rubrum GE: Finland- ID: Lysimachia-clethroides; Schizanthus-wisetonensis; somatic-embryos; Institute-of-Horticulture,-Agricultural-Research-Centre BT: Malus; Rosaceae; Rosales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Grossulariaceae; Hippophae; Elaeagnaceae; Proteales; Ericaceae; Ericales; Daucus; Apiaceae; Apiales; Caprifoliaceae; Dipsacales; Campanula; Campanulaceae; Campanulales; Lycopersicon; Solanaceae; Solanales; Agavaceae; Liliales; monocotyledons; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Ribes; European-Union-Countries; Developed-Countries; EFTA; OECD-Countries; Scandinavia; Northern-Europe; Europe; Lysimachia; Primulaceae; Primulales; Schizanthus CC: FF020; FF160; FF170; FF100; KK100; FF900 CD: Plant-Breeding-and-Genetics; Plant-Propagation; in-vitro-Culture-of-Plant-Material; Plant-Production; Forestry-General; Environmental-Tolerance-of-Plants PT: Annual-report UD: 960701 AN: 960305897 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 89 of 94 TI: A new Agrobacterium strain isolated from aerial tumors on Ficus benjamina L. AU: Bouzar-H; Chilton-WS; Nesme-X; Dessaux-Y; Vaudequin-V; Petit-A; Jones-JB; Hodge-NC AD: Gulf Coast Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Bradenton, FL 34203, USA. SO: Applied-and-Environmental-Microbiology. 1995, 61: 1, 65-73; 66 ref. PY: 1995 LA: English AB: Crown gall tumours, collected from branches of 1-yr-old weeping fig (F. benjamina) trees in a Florida nursery, yielded both tumorigenic and nonpathogenic agrobacteria. On the basis of classical diagnostic tests, the nonpathogenic strains were identified as A. tumefaciens, whereas the tumorigenic strains could not be assigned to any of the known terrestrial Agrobacterium spp. The tumorigenic strains also differed from other members of the genus by producing more acid from mannitol. According to cluster analysis of carbon substrate oxidation (GN Microplate; Biolog, Inc.) and fatty acid content, the tumorigenic fig strains were distinct from strains of A. tumefaciens, A. rhizogenes, A. vitis, and A. rubi. Furthermore, they had unusual opine metabolism, inducing tumours that synthesized nopaline and 3 recently discovered opines: chrysopine (d-lactone of N-1-deoxy-D-fructosyl-L-glutamine), N-1-deoxy-D-fructosyl-L-glutamine and N-1-deoxy-D-fructosyl-5-oxo-L-proline. The nonpathogenic A. tumefaciens strains present in the same tumours were unable to degrade any of the opines tested. The phylogenetic position of the tumorigenic fig strain AF3.10 was inferred from comparing its rrs (16S rRNA gene) sequence with those from the type strains of Agrobacterium and Rhizobium spp.. The analysis showed that strain AF3.10 clustered with A. tumefaciens and A. rubi but not with A. vitis and was far removed from A. rhizogenes. However, the sequence was sufficiently different from those of A. tumefaciens and A. rubi to suggest that the tumorigenic fig strain may be a new Agrobacterium sp. that is as different from A. tumefaciens and A. rubi as these 2 species are from one another. DE: plant-diseases; plant-pathogens; plant-pathogenic-bacteria; tumours-; molecular-genetics; nucleotide-sequences; taxonomy-; new-species; forest-trees; multipurpose-trees; ornamental-plants; plant-pathology OD: Ficus-benjamina; Agrobacterium-; Agrobacterium-tumefaciens; bacteria- GE: USA-; Florida- BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Rhizobiaceae; Gracilicutes; bacteria; prokaryotes; Agrobacterium; Developed-Countries; North-America; America; OECD-Countries; Southeastern-States-of-USA; Southern-States-of-USA; USA; Gulf-States-of-USA; South-Atlantic-States-of-USA CC: FF600; WW000; ZZ380; KK100; KK600 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Biotechnology; Taxonomy-and-Evolution; Forestry-General; Agroforestry PT: Journal-article IS: 0099-2240 UD: 960701 AN: 961002324 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 90 of 94 TI: Scanner for leaf area measurement - leaves keep their form. OT: Blattflachenmessung mittels Scanner - Blatter bleiben in Form. AU: Blanke-M AD: Institut fur Obstbau und Gemusebau, Universitat Bonn, Auf dem Hugel 6, 53121 Bonn, Germany. SO: Gartenbaumagazin. 1995, No. 3, 27-28; 1 col. pl.; 1 ref. PY: 1995 LA: German LS: English AB: An account is given of the design, specification and operation of a portable foliar scanner (AM 100) for nondestructive recording and storage of data on leaf dimensions and shape and the presence of abnormalities (lesions, necrosis and chlorosis) for subsequent computer processing. The scanner showed ñ1.3% accuracy in recording the area of Ficus benjamina leaves. DE: foliage-plants; leaf-area; leaves-; areas-; assessment-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants CC: ZZ900; FF030 CD: Techniques-and-Methodology; Plant-Morphology-and-Structure PT: Journal-article UD: 960401 AN: 960301420 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 91 of 94 TI: Sap flow measurements from stem heat balances: a comparison of constant with variable power methods. AU: Grime-VL; Morison-JIL; Simmonds-LP AD: Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, 2 Earley Gate, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 2AU, UK. SO: Agricultural-and-Forest-Meteorology. 1995, 74: 1-2, 27-40; 17 ref. PY: 1995 LA: English AB: Two methods of sap flow measurement using the stem surface heat balance approach were compared: the variable power (VP) and constant power (CP) methods. Comparisons were carried out on woody stems of Ficus benjamina in a greenhouse in the UK and on Guiera senegalensis in an area of fallow savannah during the rainy season in Niger. Substantial errors occurred if changes in stem temperature were neglected in the CP method. The simple VP method neglected conductive losses, but was less affected by changes in stem temperature than the CP method. Therefore, at low flows the VP method overestimated sap fluxes, but at high flows it had a better dynamic response than the CP method. Daily totals of sap flow over 9 days in G. senegalensis stems with leaf areas of 1.3-2.3 m2 ranged from 2 to 9 kg/day, and the two methods agreed well, although estimates by the CP method were consistently 8-12% higher than those by the VP method. DE: sap-flow; heat-; temperature-; translocation-; measurement-; forest-trees; heat-balance; broadleaves-; techniques-; ornamental-plants OD: Guiera-senegalensis; Ficus-benjamina BT: Guiera; Combretaceae; Myrtales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales CC: FF060; ZZ900; FF062; KK100 CD: Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Techniques-and-Methodology; Plant-Water-Relations; Forestry-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0168-1923 UD: 960401 AN: 960303191 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 92 of 94 TI: Adaptation of Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant) (Col., Coccinellidae) to Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas) (Hom., Margarodidae) as compared with Icerya purchasi Mask. AU: Ragab-ME AD: Department of Economic Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. SO: Journal-of-Applied-Entomology. 1995, 119: 9, 621-623; 9 ref. PY: 1995 LA: English AB: The coccinellid Rodolia cardinalis was introduced into Egypt in 1902 to control Icerya purchasi. Developmental stages of R. cardinalis have been found to be associated with populations of I. aegyptiaca on Ficus nitida [F. benjamina] trees in the Mansoura district of Egypt. The adaptation of this predator for feeding on I. aegyptiaca as compared with feeding on I. purchasi was studied. The choice of prey type had a marked effect on egg coloration but appeared to have no effect on hatching success or incubation period. The development of larvae of R. cardinalis when reared with I. aegyptiaca as prey was significantly faster than that of larvae fed on I. purchasi. The fecundity of females was not affected by the prey type consumed as adults, and although the longevity of males and females was shorter in association with I. purchasi, this difference was not significant. The results indicate that R. cardinalis is well adapted to I. aegyptiaca in Egypt. DE: insect-pests; plant-pests; natural-enemies; ornamental-woody-plants; prey-; predators-; biology-; ornamental-plants; agricultural-entomology OD: Icerya-purchasi; Icerya-aegyptiaca; Rodolia-cardinalis; Icerya-; Ficus-benjamina; arthropods- GE: Egypt- BT: Icerya; Margarodidae; Coccoidea; Sternorrhyncha; Homoptera; Hemiptera; insects; arthropods; invertebrates; animals; Rodolia; Coccinellidae; Coleoptera; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Middle-East; Developing-Countries; Mediterranean-Region; North-Africa; Africa CC: FF600; HH100; LL300 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Biological-Control; Animal-Behaviour PT: Journal-article IS: 0931-2048 UD: 960401 AN: 961100969 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 93 of 94 TI: Variety: 'Reginald'. Application no. 92/108. AU: Deroose-Reginald AD: Deroose Reginald, Evergem, Belgium. SO: Plant-Varieties-Journal. 1994, 7: 3, 16-17, 26. PY: 1994 LA: English AB: Derived as a sport from the non-variegated variety Exotica, this weeping fig (Ficus benjamina) variety is submitted for the registration of plant variety rights in Australia. Data are tabulated on morphology characteristics of Reginald together with Exotica, Golden Princess, Hawaii and Starlight. The prodominant colour of leaves of Reginald is yellow/green (RHS 144A), covering 80% of the leaf surface area. DE: ornamental-woody-plants; plant-morphology; leaves-; variegation-; colour-; characteristics-; ornamental-value; varieties-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina GE: Australia- ID: Reginald BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Australasia; Oceania; Commonwealth-of-Nations; Developed-Countries; OECD-Countries CC: FF030; FF020 CD: Plant-Morphology-and-Structure; Plant-Breeding-and-Genetics PT: Journal-article IS: 1030-9748 UD: 960401 AN: 961600007 CAB Abstracts 1996-7/98 94 of 94 TI: Variety: 'Citation' synonym 'Curly Ben'. Application no. 93/031. AU: Wood-BT AD: Woods Foliage Inc., FL 32745, USA. SO: Plant-Varieties-Journal. 1994, 7: 3, 19, 27. PY: 1994 LA: English AB: Derived as a sport of Ficus benjamina, the variety Citation is submitted for the registration of plant variety rights in Australia. Morphological data from greenhouse trials of Citation and Exotica are tabulated. Citation bears distinctive, tightly curled leaves which are highly V-shaped in cross section, giving a dense overall plant appearance. Plant height, leaf length and internode length are smaller in Citation than in Exotica. DE: ornamental-woody-plants; plant-morphology; cultivars-; characteristics-; leaves-; habit-; varieties-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina GE: Australia- ID: Citation BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Australasia; Oceania; Commonwealth-of-Nations; Developed-Countries; OECD-Countries CC: FF020; FF030 CD: Plant-Breeding-and-Genetics; Plant-Morphology-and-Structure PT: Journal-article IS: 1030-9748 UD: 960401 AN: 961600011