CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 1 of 93 TI: Wounding method affects rooting and water conductivity in air layered foliage plants. AU: Broschat-TK; Donselman-H AD: Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA. SO: Foliage-Digest. 1985, 8: 10, 1-4; 2 pl.; 12 ref. PY: 1985 LA: English AB: Shoots of Ficus elastica, F. benjamina, Schefflera arboricola and Dracaena marginata were either girdled or wounded by the double-slit method or were left intact. In F. elastica rooting was best on double-slit shoots but in the other 3 species it was best on girdled shoots. The effects of treatments on water conductivity in the shoots were also determined. The results are presented graphically. DE: air-layering; treatment-; wounds-; foliage-plants; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-elastica; Ficus-benjamina; Schefflera-arboricola; Dracaena-marginata GE: Florida-; USA- BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Schefflera; Araliaceae; Apiales; Dracaena; Agavaceae; Liliales; monocotyledons; South-Atlantic-States-of-USA; Southern-States-of-USA; USA; North-America; America; Gulf-States-of-USA; Southeastern-States-of-USA CC: FF000 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0740-2694 UD: 950314 AN: 860333766 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 2 of 93 TI: Clonal variability in response to light intensity during growth and to subsequent dark storage of Ficus benjamina and Ficus retusa. AU: Ben-Jaacov-J; Ziv-D; Steinitz-B AD: Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50 250, Israel. SO: HortScience. 1985, 20: 5, 934-936; 12 ref. PY: 1985 LA: English AB: Three clones of F. benjamina and one clone of F. retusa were raised under 3 different light intensities(75, 50 or 25% of natural outdoor light) and variations in morphological development were recorded. Leaf abscission was followed at the end of 2 weeks of dark storage, and then during a period of one month in a simulated home environment. In unstored plants, only low levels of leaf drop were observed and the drop increased with decreasing light intensities. Leaf abscission was stimulated strongly during dark storage and subsequently in the indoor environment. The degree of dark storage-promoted leaf abscission, and the response pattern to light intensity during the production phase with regard to leaf drop during simulated home conditions, showed a clear clone-dependent specificity with F. retusa (clone d) being the most and F. benjamina (clone c) the least sensitive to light intensity. It is concluded that the genetic background is a major factor affecting storability and subsequent performance under simulated home conditions. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; cultivars-; light-; storage-; light-intensity; Leaves-; abscission-; environment-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-; Ficus-benjamina; Ficus-retusa GE: Israel- BT: plants; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Middle-East; Mediterranean-Countries; West-Asia; Asia CC: SS200; FF060 CD: Agricultural-Products-Plant; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry PT: Journal-article IS: 0018-5345 UD: 950314 AN: 860333867 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 3 of 93 TI: Influence of energy saving on the quality and salability of hothouse plants (II). OT: Invloed van energiebesparing op de kwaliteit en de rendabiliteit van warme kasplanten (II). AU: Beel-E; Schelstraete-A AD: Proefstation voor de Tuinbouw-B.V.O., 9200 Wetteren, Belgium. SO: Verbondsnieuws-voor-de-Belgische-Sierteelt. 1985, 29: 11, 490-494; 3 pl.; 1 ref. PY: 1985 LA: Dutch AB: Pot plants of 13 species and cultivars with ornamental foliage and/or flowers were raised at minimum constant temperatures of 15, 17.5 or 20øC (control) between 27 November, 1984 and 19 March, 1985. The accumulated light sum for this period was 34 830 J/cm2, a reduction of 21% compared with the previous year. Data are presented on plant height, leaf and flower numbers and other characteristics at each temperature, with estimates of the market values and of the costs and returns/m2. Plant height was usually greatest at 20ø but plant responses varied widely. Only Aechmea fasciata, Dieffenbachia amoena, Ficus benjamina and Spathiphyllum cv. Supreme gave the highest returns when raised at 20ø; the other species responded well to lower temperatures and the best returns for plants of Dracaena volckaertii, Hedera [helix subsp.] canariensis cv. Gloire de Marengo and Schefflera arboricola were obtained by raising at 15ø. [For part I see Horticultural Abstracts 54, 8386.] DE: Pot-plants; protected-cultivation; energy-conservation; Temperature-; responses-; growth-; cultural-methods; ornamental-plants OD: Aechmea-fasciata; Dieffenbachia-amoena; Ficus-benjamina; Spathiphyllum-; Hedera-helix; Schefflera-arboricola GE: Belgium- ID: Dracaena-volckaertii BT: plants; Aechmea; Bromeliaceae; Bromeliales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Dieffenbachia; Araceae; Arales; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; Hedera; Araliaceae; Apiales; Schefflera; Western-Europe; Europe CC: FF000; PP100 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Energy PT: Journal-article IS: 0771-3851 UD: 950314 AN: 860334028 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 4 of 93 TI: Cloudy-winged whitefly, Dialeurodes citrifolii (Morgan) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae: Aleyrodinae). AU: Nguyen-R; Hamon-A AD: Bureau of Methods Development, Division of Plant Industry, PO Box 1269, Gainesville, FL 32602, USA. SO: Entomology-Circular,-Division-of-Plant-Industry,-Florida-Department-of-Agriculture-and-Consumer-Services. 1985, No. 275, 2 pp.; 1 fig.; 11 ref. PY: 1985 LA: English AB: Notes are given on the morphology, distribution, food-plants, economic importance and natural enemies of Dialeurodes citrifolii, a pest of citrus in Florida that also attacks Gardenia sp. and Ficus nitida. Characters are given for its differentiation from D. citri, which was formerly the main citrus pest in central and southern Florida until its elimination by the aphelinid parasite Encarsia lahorensis and replacement by D. citrifolii. Natural enemies of D. citrifolii, in other countries besides Florida, include the parasites E. perstrenua and E. strenua, the coccinellid Delphastus catalinae and the pathogens Aegerita webberi, Aschersonia flavo-citrina and A. aleyrodis, the last being the commonest pathogen affecting Dialeurodes citrifolii in Florida. DE: predators-; prey-; parasites-; hosts-; pathogens-; fruits-; fruit-crops; natural-enemies; agricultural-entomology OD: Hemiptera-; Hymenoptera-; Coleoptera-; Dialeurodes-citrifolii; Citrus-; Gardenia-; Dialeurodes-; Encarsia-; Dialeurodes-citri; Encarsia-lahorensis; Aschersonia-aleyrodis; arthropods-; FICUS-BENJAMINA GE: Florida-; USA- ID: Ficus-nitida; Delphastus-catalinae; Encarsia-perstrenua; Encarsia-strenua; Aschersonia-flavo-citrina; Aegerita-webberi BT: animals; insects; arthropods; invertebrates; Dialeurodes; Aleyrodidae; Aleyrodoidea; Sternorrhyncha; Homoptera; Hemiptera; Rutaceae; Sapindales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Rubiaceae; Rubiales; Aphelinidae; Hymenoptera; Encarsia; Aschersonia; Deuteromycotina; Eumycota; fungi; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; South-Atlantic-States-of-USA; Southern-States-of-USA; USA; North-America; America; Gulf-States-of-USA; Southeastern-States-of-USA CC: FF600; HH100 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Biological-Control PT: Miscellaneous UD: 950314 AN: 860531358 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 5 of 93 TI: Effect of carbonated irrigation water on pot plants. OT: Einfluss von CO2-haltigem Giesswasser auf Topfpflanzen. AU: Papenhagen-A AD: Lehr- und Versuchsanstalt fur Gartenbau, Auweiler-Friesdorf, German Federal Republic. SO: Gb-+-Gw. 1986, 86: 2, 33-34; 2 ref. PY: 1986 LA: German AB: There were no differences in height after 4-6 months' growth of Aphelandra squarrosa, Ficus benjamina, Dieffenbachia cv. Marianne or Fatshedera lizei pot plants irrigated by spraying from above with carbonated water compared with controls irrigated with non-carbonated water, while the growth of Codiaeum cv. Excellent was reduced by CO2 treatment. The dry weight, fresh weight, bract diameter and plant height of poinsettias were greater when supplied with 800 mg N per litre substrate than with 400 mg N, but at each fertilizer rate there were no differences in these growth parameters between plants irrigated with carbonated or non-carbonated water. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Poinsettias-; Carbon-dioxide; application-; irrigation-; fertilizers-; Nitrogen-; nutrition-; ornamental-plants; ornamental-woody-plants OD: Aphelandra-squarrosa; Ficus-benjamina; Dieffenbachia-; Fatshedera-lizei; Codiaeum-; Euphorbia-pulcherrima GE: German-Federal-Republic; Germany- RN: 124-38-9; 7727-37-9 BT: plants; ornamental-plants; Spermatophyta; Aphelandra; Acanthaceae; Scrophulariales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Fatshedera; Araliaceae; Apiales; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales; Euphorbia; Western-Europe; Europe CC: JJ700; FF061 CD: Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments; Plant-Nutrition PT: Journal-article UD: 950314 AN: 860336747 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 6 of 93 TI: Effects of NO, NO2 and CO2 on net photosynthesis, dark respiration and transpiration of pot plants. AU: Saxe-H AD: Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. SO: New-Phytologist. 1986, 103: 1, 185-197; 19 ref. PY: 1986 LA: English AB: Plants of Ficus elastica (cv. Robusta), F. benjamina, Hedera helix (cv. Anne Marie), H. [helix subsp.] canariensis (cv. Montgomery), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (cultivars Red and Moesiana), Dieffenbachia maculata (cv. Compacta) and Nephrolepis exaltata (cv. Bostoniensis), in a controlled environment, were exposed to clean air (control) or air containing CO2, NO, NO2 or CO2 + NO, each gas at 1 mul/litre, for 4 days. CO2 enrichment enhanced net photosynthesis by 40.9% and subsequent dark respiration by 23.5%, but reduced transpiration by 10.8%. NO reduced photosynthesis by 20% (with or without CO2 enrichment); NO + CO2 reduced transpiration by 18.0%, but NO alone did not affect transpiration and had little effect on respiration. NO2 had few significant effects. The effects of the gases on photosynthesis and transpiration were independent and reversible, but those on respiration were irreversible. On average, NO had a 4 times greater inhibitory effect on photosynthesis than NO2. The results for individual species/cultivars are tabulated and presented graphically. The short-term (4 days) effect of CO2 + NO on photosynthesis correlated significantly with the long-term (4-5 months) effects on dry weight obtained with the same cultivars in similar experiments. Based on these results CO2-enrichment is recommended, but CO2 obtained from burning hydrocarbon fuels directly in the greenhouse should be avoided unless at least a short-term trial of the CO2/NO effects on the crop has been carried out. DE: pollution-; nitrogen-oxides; pot-plants; Respiration-; Transpiration-; Photosynthesis-; Carbon-dioxide; responses-; Protected-cultivation; ornamental-plants; environment-; Growth-; nitrogen-; toxicity-; Plant-water-relations; ornamental-woody-plants OD: Ficus-elastica; Ficus-benjamina; Hedera-helix; Hibiscus-rosa-sinensis; Dieffenbachia-maculata; Nephrolepis-exaltata RN: 124-38-9; 7727-37-9 BT: plants; ornamental-plants; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Hedera; Araliaceae; Apiales; Hibiscus; Malvaceae; Malvales; Dieffenbachia; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Nephrolepis; Oleandraceae; ferns; Pteridophyta CC: FF060; FF062; PP600; ZZ400; FF000 CD: Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Plant-Water-Relations; Pollution-and-Degradation; Environmental-Sciences-General; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0028-646X UD: 950314 AN: 860336882 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 7 of 93 TI: Stomatal-dependent and stomatal-independent uptake of NOx. AU: Saxe-H AD: Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. SO: New-Phytologist. 1986, 103: 1, 199-205; 9 ref. PY: 1986 LA: English AB: NO was recently shown to be 4 times more toxic to photosynthesis than NO2 at the high nitrogen oxide concentrations (0.4 to 0.8 mul/litre) found in commercial greenhouses with combustion-CO2 enrichment. Eight cultivars of 5 genera (Ficus elastica cv. Robusta, F. benjamina, Hedera helix cv. Anne Marie, H. [helix subsp.] canariensis cv. Montgomery, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis cultivars Red and Moesiana, Dieffenbachia maculata cv. Compacta and Nephrolepis exaltata cv. Bostoniensis), in a controlled environment, were exposed to NO or NO2 at 1 mul/litre for 4 days or at 4 mul/litre for 5 h during a 12-h light period and the following 12-h dark period. Total NO2 uptake was dependent on stomatal opening and was reduced by 86% during the night, correlating with the 85% reduction in transpiration. Total NO uptake was independent of stomatal opening and remained relatively constant during the light and dark period. Based on total uptake NO was estimated to be 22 times more toxic to photosynthesis than NO2. At 4mul/litre NO reduced transpiration and had a lesser effect on photosynthesis than NO at 1 mul/litre. Since total NO uptake was not dependent on stomatal aperture, but stomatal closure reduced the effect of NO on photosynthesis, it is suggested that the stomata regulate the effective NO uptake (i.e. the small fraction of NO uptake affecting photosynthesis) with the larger ineffective portion of the uptake being due to NO absorption by the outer leaf surface. The sensitivity of the individual species/cultivars to NO or NO2 did not correlate with the uptake of either gas. DE: pollution-; nitrogen-oxides; pot-plants; Photosynthesis-; leaves-; ornamental-plants; environment-; nitrogen-; uptake-; stomata-; toxicity-; ornamental-woody-plants OD: Ficus-elastica; Ficus-benjamina; Hedera-helix; Hibiscus-rosa-sinensis; Dieffenbachia-maculata; Nephrolepis-exaltata; Ficus- RN: 7727-37-9 BT: plants; ornamental-plants; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Hedera; Araliaceae; Apiales; Hibiscus; Malvaceae; Malvales; Dieffenbachia; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Nephrolepis; Oleandraceae; ferns; Pteridophyta CC: FF060; PP600; FF600; FF700; FF900; FF500; HH000; FF000 CD: Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Pollution-and-Degradation; Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Plant-Disorders-and-Injuries-Not-caused-directly-by-Organisms; Environmental-Tolerance-of-Plants; Weeds-and-Noxious-Plants; Pathogen,-Pest-and-Parasite-Management-General; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0028-646X UD: 950314 AN: 860336883 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 8 of 93 TI: Interactive effects of sewage effluent irrigation and supplemental fertilization on container-grown trees. AU: Fitzpatrick-G; Donselman-H; Carter-NS AD: University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA. SO: HortScience. 1986, 21: 1, 92-93; 13 ref. PY: 1986 LA: English AB: Twenty species of ornamental trees were grown for 12-16 months in 50 cm containers. Six individuals of each species were irrigated with tap water and 6 with secondary treated sewage effluent from a wastewater treatment facility. Three individuals within each irrigation treatment received controlled-release fertilizer applications and 3 received no supplemental fertilization. The effluent irrigation significantly accelerated growth in Bauhinia variegata, Taxodium distichum, Cocos nucifera and Krugiodendron ferreum. The addition of supplemental fertilization accelerated growth in B. variegata, Ficus benjamina, Bucida buceras, Chrysophyllum oliviforme, Delonix regia, Conocarpus erectus var. sericeus and Pisonia discolor. A significant interaction occurred between irrigation and fertilization in B. variegata, Juniperus silicicola and Guaiacum sanctum. The remaining 8 species grew at rates that were not significantly influenced by source of irrigation or supplemental fertilization. DE: cultural-methods; containers-; Coconuts-; Sewage-effluent; utilization-; irrigation-; woody-plants; water-; sources-; Fertilizers-; sewage-; Ornamental-plants; ORNAMENTAL-WOODY-PLANTS; irrigation-water; slow-release-fertilizers; pot-culture; responses- OD: Bauhinia-variegata; Taxodium-distichum; Ficus-benjamina; Bucida-buceras; Delonix-regia; Conocarpus-erectus; Cocos-nucifera; Bauhinia-; Taxodium-; Cocos-; Ficus-; Bucida-; Chrysophyllum-; Delonix-; Conocarpus-; Pisonia-; Juniperus-; Guaiacum- ID: Krugiodendron-ferreum; Chrysophyllum-oliviforme; Pisonia-discolor; Juniperus-silicicola; Guaiacum-sanctum; Krugiodendron RN: 7732-18-5 BT: Spermatophyta; plants; ornamental-plants; fertilizers; Bauhinia; Leguminosae; Fabales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Taxodium; Taxodiaceae; Coniferae; gymnosperms; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Bucida; Combretaceae; Myrtales; Delonix; Conocarpus; Cocos; Palmae; Arecales; monocotyledons; Sapotaceae; Ebenales; Nyctaginaceae; Caryophyllales; Cupressaceae; Zygophyllaceae; Sapindales CC: FF100; XX300; JJ700; KK110; FF000; JJ800; KK160 CD: Plant-Production; Human-Wastes-and-Refuse; Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments; Silviculture; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Soil-Water-Management; Arboriculture PT: Journal-article IS: 0018-5345 UD: 950314 AN: 860336224 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 9 of 93 TI: Rooting and subsequent growth of cuttings treated with paclobutrazol. AU: Davis-TD; Walser-RH; Soerensen-K; Sankhla-N AD: Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, USA. SO: Plant-Propagator. 1986, 32: 1, 7-9; 13 ref. PY: 1986 LA: English AB: Cuttings of 10 species and cultivars were soaked in water or paclobutrazol (3-25 mg/litre) for 36-72 h and rooted in 50:50 vol/vol peat:perlite or straight perlite in a greenhouse. Paclobutrazol increased the number of roots formed on cuttings of Coleus blumei, Plectranthus australis [parviflorus], Prunus laurocerasus, Salix discolor and Vitis labrusca cultivars Concord and Himrod, but had no effect on rooting of Ficus benjamina, Ficus pumila, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis or Zebrina pendula. Paclobutrazol generally reduced the mean length of the longest root on the cuttings. Shoot growth during rooting was strongly inhibited by paclobutrazol in cuttings of C. blumei, P. australis and Z. pendula. Post-propagation shoot growth of treated cuttings returned to normal within 10 weeks or less. DE: cuttings-; treatment-; growth-regulators; ornamental-plants; paclobutrazol-; responses-; development-; Planting-stock; production-; techniques-; shoots-; plant-growth-regulators; growth-retardants; ornamental-woody-plants; ornamental-herbaceous-plants; growth-; grapes- OD: Coleus-blumei; Plectranthus-parviflorus; Prunus-laurocerasus; Vitis-labrusca; Ficus-benjamina; Hibiscus-rosa-sinensis; Zebrina-pendula; Ficus-pumila ID: Salix-discolor; rooting-of-cuttings RN: 76738-62-0 BT: plants; growth-retardants; plant-growth-regulators; ornamental-plants; Spermatophyta; Coleus; Labiatae; Lamiales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Plectranthus; Prunus; Rosaceae; Rosales; Vitis; Vitidaceae; Rhamnales; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Hibiscus; Malvaceae; Malvales; Zebrina; Commelinaceae; Commelinales; monocotyledons CC: FF160; FF100; ZZ900; FF060 CD: Plant-Propagation; Plant-Production; Techniques-and-Methodology; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry PT: Journal-article IS: 0554-2758 UD: 950314 AN: 860337381 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 10 of 93 TI: Phytophthora leaf blight of hibiscus, a new disease caused by Phytophthora parasitica. AU: Semer-CR IV; Raju-BC AD: Yoder Brothers, Inc., Alva, FL 33920, USA. SO: Plant-Disease. 1985, 69: 11, 1055-1006; 1 fig., 2 tab.; 8 ref. PY: 1985 LA: English AB: P. [nicotianae var.] parasitica caused a severe leaf blight on cuttings and stock plants of several commercial Hibiscus rosa-sinensis cultivars. Leaves of Crown of Bohemia and Pink Versicolor had water-soaked lesions surrounded by a chlorotic halo 3-5 d after inoculation. Lesions turned black, and white mycelium extended over the leaf surface. Isolations from leaves consistently yielded P. nicotiana var. parasitica, which caused typical leaf blight on inoculated leaves of 6 cultivars. The hibiscus isolate was also pathogenic to azalea (Rhododendron indicum cv. Prize), chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum X morifolium cv. Capri and Vermilion), Ficus benjamina, and Brassaia actinophylla. Several P. spp. when tested on hibiscus caused leaf blight. Temp. of 20-22øC and 90-100% RH for 3-5 d favoured symptom expression. DE: aetiology-; varietal-reactions; infection-; ornamental-plants; plant-pathology; plant-pathogenic-fungi OD: Hibiscus-rosa-sinensis; Phytophthora-nicotianae-var.-parasitica; Phytophthora-; fungi- GE: USA-; Florida- BT: plants; fungi; Hibiscus; Malvaceae; Malvales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Phytophthora-nicotianae; Phytophthora; Peronosporales; Mastigomycotina; Eumycota; North-America; America; South-Atlantic-States-of-USA; Southern-States-of-USA; USA; Gulf-States-of-USA; Southeastern-States-of-USA CC: FF600 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants PT: Journal-article IS: 0191-2917 UD: 950314 AN: 861316479 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 11 of 93 TI: Daily evolution and rates of renewal of CO2 in an iron and glass greenhouse in El Maresme. OT: Evolucion diaria y tasas de renovacion del CO2 en invernadero de hierro y vidrio en "El Maresme". AU: Aguila-JF; Grau-J; Tapia-L; Caballero-A AD: Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. SO: Comunicaciones de la III reunion de ornamentales. Jornadas tecnicas. 1984, 134-139; 5 ref. PB: Sociedad Espanola de Ciencias Horticolas; Almeria; Spain PY: 1984 LA: Spanish AB: Changes in CO2 level were measured daily throughout November in a greenhouse (containing mainly Ficus benjamina plants) and in plastic tunnels inside the greenhouse (containing Schefflera arboricola and Dieffenbachia exotica plants). Night CO2 concentrations increased up to 440 p.p.m. in the greenhouse and 550 p.p.m. in the tunnels. CO2 concentrations decreased during the mornings at a rate of 40-60 p.p.m./h to reach 220-240 p.p.m. in the greenhouse and 180 p.p.m. in the tunnels. Levels of 800-1000 p.p.m. CO2 could be achieved within minutes with a supply of liquid CO2. Based on these results it is suggested that in order to maintain a constant level of 600-800 p.p.m. CO2, the greenhouse would have to be supplied with 400-600 p.p.m. CO2/h during the day and 180 p.p.m. CO2/h at night, and the tunnels with 300-400 p.p.m. CO2/h during the day and 100 p.p.m. CO2/h at night. DE: Ornamental-plants; cultural-methods; protected-cultivation; carbon-dioxide; responses-; greenhouse-crops OD: Ficus-benjamina; Schefflera-arboricola; Dieffenbachia-exotica GE: Spain- RN: 124-38-9 BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Schefflera; Araliaceae; Apiales; Dieffenbachia; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Southern-Europe; Europe; Mediterranean-Countries CC: NN300 CD: Farm-and-Horticultural-Structures PT: Conference-paper UD: 950314 AN: 860337971 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 12 of 93 TI: Bonzi: a new growth regulator for floricultural crops. AU: Larson-RA AD: North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7609, USA. SO: North-Carolina-Flower-Growers'-Bulletin. 1986, 30: 2, 1-21; 29 ref. PY: 1986 LA: English AB: A review of research in the UK and the USA on the effects of Bonzi (paclobutrazol) application on numerous flowering and foliage plants, including begonias, chrysanthemums, fuchsias, hydrangeas, poinsettias, Codiaeum variegatum, Dieffenbachia maculata and Ficus benjamina. DE: Reviews-; growth-regulators; paclobutrazol-; responses-; ornamental-plants; Foliage-plants; Chrysanthemums-; Poinsettias-; plant-growth-regulators; growth-inhibitors OD: Begonia-; Fuchsia-; Hydrangea-; Codiaeum-variegatum; Dieffenbachia-maculata; Ficus-benjamina; Chrysanthemum-; Euphorbia-pulcherrima RN: 76738-62-0 BT: growth-retardants; plant-growth-regulators; plants; Begoniaceae; Violales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Onagraceae; Myrtales; Hydrangeaceae; Rosales; Codiaeum; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales; Dieffenbachia; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Compositae; Asterales; Euphorbia CC: FF100; FF060 CD: Plant-Production; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry PT: Journal-article UD: 950314 AN: 860338120 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 13 of 93 TI: Relationships of culture and shipping temperature on interior quality of Ficus benjamina. AU: Conover-CA; Poole-RT AD: University of Florida, Apopka, Florida 32703, USA. SO: Acta-Horticulturae. 1986, No. 181, 245-250; 11 ref. PY: 1986 LA: English AB: The plants were grown in a polypropylene fabric covered shadehouse receiving light levels of 312, 587 or 862 mumol s-1m-2 maximum and fertilizer levels of 10, 20 or 30 g/20-cm pot per 3 months from 19-6-12 Osmocote (19N-2.6P-10K) slow release fertilizer. After 1 year the best plants were produced with the highest fertilizer level at 587 or 862 mumol s-1m-2 maximum. After 28 days simulated shipping in the dark at 10, 13, 16 or 19øC the plants were placed in an interior environment of 25 ñ1ø, 60ñ 10% RH and a light level of 15 mumol s-1m-2 from cool white fluorescent lamps 12 h/day. Accumulated leaf drop was determined and the plants were graded after 60 days in the interior environment. Plant grades increased with rising fertilizer rates and decreased as light level decreased from 862 to 312 mumol s-1m-2 even though leaf drop was greater at 862 mumol s-1m-2. Transport temperature influenced both plant grade and leaf drop, with 13 or 16ø resulting in the highest grade and lowest percent leaf drop. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; transport-; temperature-; Nitrogen-; nutrition-; Phosphorus-; Potassium-; Light-; light-intensity; NPK-fertilizers; crop-quality; responses-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Ficus- ID: Post-harvest-physiology-of-ornamentals RN: 7727-37-9; 7723-14-0; 7440-09-7 BT: compound-fertilizers; fertilizers; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta CC: FF061; FF060; FF900; JJ700; FF000 CD: Plant-Nutrition; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Environmental-Tolerance-of-Plants; Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 UD: 950314 AN: 860338151 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 14 of 93 TI: Sensitivity of various foliage and flowering potted plants to ethylene. AU: Woltering-EJ AD: Sprenger Institute, 6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. SO: Acta-Horticulturae. 1986, No. 181, 489-492; 9 ref. PY: 1986 LA: English AB: The sensitivity of 26 species of foliage plants (including Schefflera, Aralia, Hedera and Ficus benjamina) and 26 species of flowering pot-plants (including Fuchsia, Browalia, gloxinia and Calceolaria) to exogenous ethylene was determined. Plants were exposed to 0 to 15 mul/litre ethylene for 24 or 72 h at 20øC in darkness. The most significant toxicity symptoms on foliage plants were abscission and yellowing of leaves. Flowering pot-plants showed abscission of flowers, flower buds or of whole inflorescences. In general, abscission of leaves was only observed when plants were exposed to ethylene for 72 h while abscission of flowers and flower buds appeared after 24 h of ethylene treatment. Species were divided into classes of ethylene sensitivity. The economically most valuable species were less sensitive to ethylene than the less valuable ones. Practical application of the findings to long distance transport of ornamental plants or mixed transport (ornamental plants with fruits and/or vegetables) is briefly mentioned. DE: transport-; injuries-; pot-plants; foliage-plants; Ethylene-; toxicity-; ornamental-plants; flowering-; abscission-; leaves-; Growth-regulators; flowers-; Senescence-; plant-growth-regulators OD: Schefflera-; Aralia-; Hedera-; Ficus-benjamina; Fuchsia-; Browallia-; Sinningia-; Calceolaria- GE: Netherlands- ID: Post-harvest-physiology-of-ornamentals RN: 74-85-1 BT: plants; Araliaceae; Apiales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Onagraceae; Myrtales; Solanaceae; Solanales; Gesneriaceae; Scrophulariales; Scrophulariaceae; Western-Europe; Europe CC: SS200; FF060; FF100 CD: Agricultural-Products-Plant; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Plant-Production PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 UD: 950314 AN: 860338191 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 15 of 93 TI: Growth of foliage plants in hydroculture. OT: Wachstum von Blattpflanzen in Hydrokultur. AU: Rober-R; Leinfelder-J AD: Institut fur Zierpflanzenbau der Staatlichen Versuchsanstalt Weihenstephan, German Federal Republic. SO: Deutscher-Gartenbau. 1986, 40: 15, 710-713; 10 pl.; 8 ref. PY: 1986 LA: German AB: Four species were grown in a greenhouse at 18øC in tap, decationized (Na+-softened), decarbonized (H3O+) and desalinated (H3O+ and OH-) water. In Chrysalidocarpus lutescens the highest numbers of fronds/plant were produced in tap water, but the tallest, heaviest and most marketable plants were grown in desalinated or decarbonized water. Dracaena deremensis cv. Warneckei gave the best results in decationized and tap water. D. fragrans cv. Masangeana behaved similarly to D. deremensis except that its height was unaffected by type of water. Ficus benjamina produced the heaviest plants in tap water and the smallest in decationized water (conductivity 0.9 mS higher than tap water), which reduced the number of marketable plants. DE: irrigation-; water-; sources-; foliage-plants; ornamental-plants OD: Chrysalidocarpus-lutescens; Dracaena-deremensis; Dracaena-fragrans; Ficus-benjamina GE: German-Federal-Republic; Germany- RN: 7732-18-5 BT: plants; Chrysalidocarpus; Palmae; Arecales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Dracaena; Agavaceae; Liliales; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; Western-Europe; Europe CC: FF000 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0341-2091 UD: 950314 AN: 860338330 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 16 of 93 TI: The effect of type of fertilization on the raising of Monstera deliciosa Leib. and Ficus benjamina L. in hydroculture. OT: Influenza del tipo di concimazione sull'allevamento in idrocoltura di Monstera deliciosa Lieb. e Ficus benjamina L. AU: Moschini-E; Tosi-D; Graifenberg-A AD: Universita di Pisa, Italy. SO: Rivista-della-Ortoflorofrutticoltura-Italiana. 1985, 69: 6, 397-411; 19 ref. PY: 1985 LA: Italian LS: English AB: Treatments were: 40 or 80 g/plant of an ion exchange resin (Lewatit HDS from Bayer), containing 18-7-15 plus Fe, Mn, Cu, Mo, Zn and B; and a nutrient solution (containing the same nutrients) at 2 or 3 g/litre. In Ficus, growth was similar under all treatments. In Monstera, growth was poorest on 40 g resin but satisfactory with all the other treatments; nutrient uptake was greater from the solutions than the resin. Variations in salinity and pH were small. Salinity was lower with the resin. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Soilless-culture; nutrition-; foliage-plants; Iron-; Manganese-; Copper-; Molybdenum-; Zinc-; Nitrogen-; Phosphorus-; Potassium-; Boron-; ornamental-plants OD: Monstera-deliciosa; Ficus-benjamina RN: 7439-89-6; 7439-96-5; 7440-50-8; 7439-98-7; 7440-66-6; 7727-37-9; 7723-14-0; 7440-09-7; 7440-42-8 BT: plants; Monstera; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons CC: FF061; FF100 CD: Plant-Nutrition; Plant-Production PT: Journal-article UD: 950314 AN: 860338391 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 17 of 93 TI: The influence of different water quality on the growth of some foliage plants in hydroculture. AU: Rober-R; Fischer-P AD: State Experimental Station for Horticulture, Weihenstephan, D-8050 Freising 12, German Federal Republic. SO: Acta-Horticulturae. 1986, No. 178, 45-52; 11 ref. PY: 1986 LA: English AB: The plants were grown in expanded clay (8-16 mm diameter) pots. Each nutrient solution applied consisted of differently prepared water, namely, (a) tap water, (b) water decationized by cation exchange resins, Na+-form, (c) water decationized by cation exchange resins, H3O +-form and (d) water deionized by cation/anion exchange resins plus a special (N + P + K + Mg) fertilizer. The Ca lost by water preparation was replaced by equivalent amounts of Ca as CaSO4 in the nutrient solution. The plants were cultivated for about 10 to 12 months. During this period the nutrient solution was renewed regularly and controlled weekly for pH, conductivity, O2 and NO3-N. The leaf dry matter was analysed for mineral nutrient contents. Spathiphyllum floribundum grew best in decationized water (H3O+-form). Dracaena fragrans and D. deremensis showed high yield and quality when grown in tap water or decationized (Na+-form) water; deionized water and decationized water (H3O+-form) resulted in small plants and reduced quality. Chrysalidocarpus lutescens reacted in the opposite way to Dracaena. Plants of Ficus benjamina grew best in tap water, followed by deionized and decationized (H3O+-form) water. They did not tolerate decationized water (Na+-form). DE: soilless-culture; nutrient-solutions; composition-; foliage-plants; Nitrogen-; nutrition-; Phosphorus-; Potassium-; Magnesium-; Ornamental-plants; plant-nutrition OD: Spathiphyllum-floribundum; Dracaena-fragrans; Dracaena-deremensis; Chrysalidocarpus-lutescens; Ficus-benjamina GE: German-Federal-Republic; Germany- ID: Nutrition,-growing-techniques-and-plant-substrates RN: 7727-37-9; 7723-14-0; 7440-09-7; 7439-95-4 BT: plants; Spathiphyllum; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Dracaena; Agavaceae; Liliales; Chrysalidocarpus; Palmae; Arecales; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; Western-Europe; Europe CC: FF040; FF061; FF100; JJ700; FF000 CD: Plant-Composition; Plant-Nutrition; Plant-Production; Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 UD: 950314 AN: 860338653 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 18 of 93 TI: Substrate requirements for pot plants in recirculating water culture. AU: Gabriels-R; Verdonck-O; Mekers-O AD: Ornamental Crops Research Institute, B-9230-Melle, Belgium. SO: Acta-Horticulturae. 1986, No. 178, 93-99; 1 fig.; 11 ref. PY: 1986 LA: English AB: The physical and chemical properties of substrates in relation to different systems of pot plant cultivation with recirculating nutrient solutions are reviewed and some experimental results with foliage plants (Ficus benjamina, Schefflera arboricola) and bromeliads (Aechmea cv. Romero, Vriesea ospinae and Neoregelia) are presented. DE: growing-media; composition-; pot-plants; Ornamental-plants; hydroponics-; ornamental-bromeliads OD: Ficus-benjamina; Schefflera-arboricola; Aechmea-; Neoregelia- GE: Belgium- ID: Nutrition,-growing-techniques-and-plant-substrates; Vriesea-ospinae BT: plants; ornamental-plants; Bromeliaceae; Bromeliales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; Schefflera; Araliaceae; Apiales; Western-Europe; Europe CC: FF100; JJ900; FF000 CD: Plant-Production; Soil-Cultivation; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 UD: 950314 AN: 860338659 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 19 of 93 TI: Substrates for hothouse plants grown with various irrigation systems. OT: Substraten voor warme kasplanten geteeld met diverse begietingssystemen. AU: Beel-E; Schelstraete-A AD: Proefstation voor de Tuinbouw-B.V.O., 9200 Wetteren, Belgium. SO: Verbondsnieuws-voor-de-Belgische-Sierteelt. 1985, 29: 19, 913...919; 2 pl. PY: 1985 LA: Dutch AB: Pot plants of Monstera deliciosa, Dieffenbachia cv. Camilla, Calathea makoyana and Ficus benjamina were grown in (1) black peat + white peat (40:60), (2) black peat + white peat + rockwool (32:48:20) or (3) black peat + white peat + Styropor [expanded polystyrene granules] (32:48:20). Water was supplied via NFT (nutrient film), ebb-and-flow or drip irrigation systems, depending on the species. With M. deliciosa grown with the NFT system, plant development was best in substrate (1), and with the ebb-and-flow system in substrates (1) and (3). With Dieffenbachia grown with NFT, substrate (1) gave the best results. With C. makoyana grown with the drip irrigation system there was little difference in effect between substrates. With F. benjamina grown with NFT, substrate (3) proved best. Data are also presented on the chemical characteristics of the substrates for M. deliciosa and F. benjamina, assessed towards the end of the trials, and on the relationship between salts concentration and NO3-N in the substrates. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Growing-media; composition-; Peat-; utilization-; Rockwool-; plastic-foam; Irrigation-; systems-; ornamental-plants OD: Monstera-deliciosa; Dieffenbachia-; Calathea-makoyana; Ficus-benjamina GE: Belgium- BT: plants; Monstera; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Calathea; Marantaceae; Zingiberales; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; Western-Europe; Europe CC: FF040; JJ900 CD: Plant-Composition; Soil-Cultivation PT: Journal-article IS: 0771-3851 UD: 950314 AN: 860338873 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 20 of 93 TI: Light acclimatization of seven foliage pot plants. OT: Lysakklimatisering af syv gronne potteplantearter. AU: Kristensen-LN SO: Gartner-Tidende. 1984, 100: 44, 1395-1397; 7 pl., 1 fig.; 1 ref. PY: 1984 LA: Danish AB: Each species was subjected to levels of shading equivalent to 60, 40 and 30% of the light in an unshaded greenhouse for 19 weeks, by which time all had reached salable size. They were then submitted to room conditions, with plants from each treatment being placed in window light and at two distances from it. At regular intervals they were assessed for size, leaf loss, new growth, leaf colour and ornamental value. After 13 weeks they were transferred to even poorer light conditions. Results, expressed as a rating of 1 (best) to 5, showed that Epipremnum aureum [pinnatum] and Philodendron scandens were well adapted for growing indoors, regardless of light intensity during raising. Ficus benjamina, Hedera helix cv. Ripplegreen, Nephrolepis exaltata cv. Bostoniensis and Soleirolia soleirolii adjusted better when shaded to 40 or 30% during raising. Peperomia obtusifolia cv. USA needed at least 60% light during raising and the best possible room illumination to keep it in good condition. DE: shade-; responses-; foliage-plants; ornamental-plants OD: Epipremnum-pinnatum; Philodendron-scandens; Ficus-benjamina; Hedera-helix; Nephrolepis-exaltata; Peperomia-obtusifolia GE: Denmark- ID: Soleirolia-soleirolii BT: plants; Epipremnum; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Philodendron; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; Hedera; Araliaceae; Apiales; Nephrolepis; Oleandraceae; ferns; Pteridophyta; Peperomia; Piperaceae; Piperales; Scandinavia; Northern-Europe; Europe CC: FF000 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0106-8393 UD: 950314 AN: 860338983 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 21 of 93 TI: Physical and chemical characteristics of potting media containing Solite. AU: Conover-CA; Poole-RT AD: Agricultural Research and Education Center, Apopka, FL 32703, USA. SO: Foliage-Digest. 1986, 9: 8, 4-6; 3 ref. PY: 1986 LA: English AB: Solite is an aggregate manufactured from montmorillonite clay, for use in concretes and on road surfaces. Ficus benjamina and Dracaena marginata grew as well in a mixture of 1 or 2 parts Solite to 3 parts peat as in 3:1 peat:sand but the former was much lighter. Incorporation of Melaleuca tree bark (or wood, bark and leaves) resulted in poorer quality of Dracaena plants but Ficus was unaffected. The physical and chemical properties of 13 media, some containing Solite, are tabulated and the suitability of these media for use in greenhouses and shadehouses is discussed. DE: growing-media; composition-; foliage-plants; Bark-; utilization-; Plant-residues; Montmorillonite-; peat-; sand-; ornamental-plants OD: Dracaena-marginata; Ficus-benjamina; Melaleuca- ID: Solite RN: 1318-93-0 BT: plants; Dracaena; Agavaceae; Liliales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; Myrtaceae; Myrtales CC: FF040; JJ900; FF100 CD: Plant-Composition; Soil-Cultivation; Plant-Production PT: Journal-article IS: 0740-2694 UD: 950314 AN: 860339615 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 22 of 93 TI: Fertilizer sticks - an alternative in the nutrition of pot plants? OT: Dungerstabchen. Eine Alternative in der Ernahrung von Topfpflanzen. AU: Burghardt-H; Ellering-K AD: Ruhr-Stickstoff, Landwirtschaftliche Forschung Hanninghof, Dulmen, German Federal Republic. SO: Deutscher-Gartenbau. 1986, 40: 19, 906...911; 3 pl. PY: 1986 LA: German AB: Potted Ficus benjamina and Euphorbia pulcherrima cv. Annette Hegg Dark received 5 manurial treatments: (1) controls without N; (2) encapsulated slow release 12 N:11 P:16 K fertilizers; (3) 10 N:4 P:6 K organo-mineral sticks; (4) isobutylene diurea (12 N:6 P:9 K) sticks; and (5) ureaform (12 N:4 P:6 K) sticks. The plants grew best with treatments (2), (3) and (4), and not so well with (1) and (5). With all fertilizer regimes analyses after 6-8 weeks showed high N levels in the substrates and low N levels in the plants, with the opposite after 16-18 weeks, indicating N uptake by the plants. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Poinsettias-; nutrition-; nitrogen-; Fertilizers-; application-; techniques-; ornamental-plants; ornamental-woody-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Euphorbia-pulcherrima GE: German-Federal-Republic; Germany- RN: 7727-37-9 BT: plants; ornamental-plants; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Euphorbia; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales; Western-Europe; Europe CC: JJ700; FF061; ZZ900 CD: Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments; Plant-Nutrition; Techniques-and-Methodology PT: Journal-article IS: 0341-2091 UD: 950314 AN: 860339844 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 23 of 93 TI: Greenhouse with quadruple cladding and heat-energy coupling. OT: Gewachshaus mit Vierfach-Eindeckung und Warme-Kraft-Kopplung. AU: Mackroth-K; Fischer-M AD: Institut fur Zierpflanzenbau der Forschungsanstalt, 6222 Geisenheim, German Federal Republic. SO: Deutscher-Gartenbau. 1986, 40: 37, 1688-1690; 7 pl., 1 fig.; 6 ref. PY: 1986 LA: German AB: Single glass cladding in a greenhouse was compared with 3- and 4-layer polycarbonate covers. An energy screen was used for shading. The greenhouse was equipped with hydroculture trays, heating pipes under the benches, additional lighting from 400 W sodium lamps, CO2 enrichment facilities, humidity regulation and a computer controlling and collecting data. In trials in 1984-86 with foliage plants, Dracaena marginata and Aglaonema commutatum grew well under plain glass and multi-layer polycarbonate, while Schefflera arboricola grew best under plain glass. Ficus benjamina grew best under 3-layer polycarbonate and poorest under plain glass. DE: Greenhouses-; cladding-; heating-systems; shading-; protected-cultivation; energy-conservation; foliage-plants; ornamental-plants OD: Dracaena-marginata; Aglaonema-commutatum; Schefflera-arboricola; Ficus-benjamina GE: German-Federal-Republic; Germany- BT: plants; Dracaena; Agavaceae; Liliales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Aglaonema; Araceae; Arales; Schefflera; Araliaceae; Apiales; dicotyledons; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Western-Europe; Europe CC: FF000; NN300; PP100; NN310 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Farm-and-Horticultural-Structures; Energy; Environmental-Control-in-Structures PT: Journal-article IS: 0341-2091 UD: 950314 AN: 860339846 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 24 of 93 TI: Growth-retarding effects of paclobutrazol on weeping fig. AU: LeCain-DR; Schekel-KA; Wample-RL AD: Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6414, USA. SO: HortScience. 1986, 21: 5, 1150-1152; 2 pl.; 13 ref. PY: 1986 LA: English AB: Ficus benjamina plants treated with a soil drench of paclobutrazol at rates from 0.125 to 8.0 mg/10-cm pot exhibited retardation in height, leaf production, internode length and leaf size. All measured responses were retarded linearly with increasing concentration, to the point of saturation at 0.5 mg/pot. Leaves developing under the influence of paclobutrazol also appeared darker green than leaves of untreated plants. The growth retarding influence of a single application persisted after transplanting. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Growth-retardation; growth-regulators; paclobutrazol-; responses-; Leaves-; colour-; plant-height; internodes-; ornamental-plants; plant-growth-regulators; growth-inhibitors OD: Ficus-benjamina GE: USA-; Washington- ID: leaf-production; leaf-size; leaf-colour RN: 76738-62-0 BT: growth-retardants; plant-growth-regulators; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; North-America; America; Pacific-Northwest-States-of-USA; Pacific-States-of-USA; Western-States-of-USA; USA CC: FF000; FF100; FF060 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Plant-Production; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry PT: Journal-article IS: 0018-5345 UD: 950314 AN: 860341012 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 25 of 93 TI: Otiorhynchus - a genus of Coleoptera new to Israel. AU: Halperin-J AD: Dep. Entomology, ARO, Volcani Cent., Bet Dagan, Israel. SO: Phytoparasitica. 1986, 14: 2, 147; 1 ref. PY: 1986 LA: English AB: The curculionid Otiorhynchus ovalipennis was found in Israel in spring 1983 as a pest of Laurus nobilis, but also defoliated Fraxinus syriaca, Rhaphiolepis umbellata and Rosa. O. ovalipennis occurred from mid-April to the end of May, feeding during the night and hiding during the day on the host plant or on the soil. Later they hid, fed only occasionally and sometimes fasted for 3 weeks or longer. Some of the adults survived the winter and renewed their activity in the following spring; their lifespan was approximately 18 months. In the laboratory, the adults fed on leaves of many trees and shrubs, but rejected many others, particularly conifers. Preferred plants (in alphabetical order) were: Acacia saligna, Ficus nitida [F. benjamina], Ligustrum ovalifolium, Pistacia palaestina, Platanus orientalis, Populus nigra (but not P. alba) and Schinus terebinthifolius. Also consumed were Ailanthus, Callistemon, Ceratonia, Dodonaea, Eucalyptus camaldulensis (only young leaves), Eugenia, Pittosporum, Punica, Pyracantha, Quercus calliprinos, Rhamnus alaternus and R. palaestina. DE: food-plants; biology-; trees-; ornamental-plants; agricultural-entomology OD: Coleoptera-; Populus-alba; Laurus-nobilis; Rosa-; Acacia-saligna; Ficus-benjamina; Ligustrum-ovalifolium; Pistacia-palaestina; Platanus-orientalis; Populus-nigra; Schinus-terebinthifolius; Ailanthus-; Callistemon-; Ceratonia-; Dodonaea-; Eucalyptus-camaldulensis; Eugenia-; Pittosporum-; Punica-; Pyracantha-; arthropods- GE: Israel- ID: Otiorhynchus-ovalipennis; Fraxinus-syriaca; Rhaphiolepis-umbellata; Quercus-calliprinos; Rhamnus-alaternus; Rhamnus-palaestina BT: woody-plants; Spermatophyta; plants; insects; arthropods; invertebrates; animals; Populus; Salicaceae; Salicales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Laurus; Lauraceae; Laurales; Rosaceae; Rosales; Acacia; Leguminosae; Fabales; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Ligustrum; Oleaceae; Scrophulariales; Pistacia; Pistaciaceae; Sapindales; Platanus; Platanaceae; Hamamelidales; Schinus; Anacardiaceae; Simaroubaceae; Myrtaceae; Myrtales; Sapindaceae; Eucalyptus; Pittosporaceae; Punicaceae; Middle-East; Mediterranean-Countries; West-Asia; Asia CC: FF600; KK100 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Forestry-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0334-2123 UD: 950314 AN: 860538139 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 26 of 93 TI: Hydrocultured plants in a living-room. Effect of different light conditions on their growth. OT: Hydrokulturpflanzen im Wohnraum. Einfluss unterschiedlicher Lichtverhaltnisse auf das Wachstum. AU: Deiser-E; Eichin-R AD: Staatsschule fur Gartenbau an der Universitat Hohenheim, 7000 Stuttgart 70, German Federal Republic. SO: Deutscher-Gartenbau. 1984, 38: 50, 2227-2231; 3 pl., 1 fig.; 2 ref. PY: 1984 LA: German AB: Three combinations of plants, one with a high, one with a medium and one with a low light requirement, were grown in hydroculture at 4 daylengths, i.e. 8 or 16 h of artificial light, or short or long natural days. Each pot contained 3 plants of differing height, e.g. the high-light requiring combination comprised Ficus benjamina (tall), Yucca elephantipes (medium) and Ficus pumila (trailing). Light was the limiting factor and an increase in daylength led to increases in growth and water use. The imposition of long days also resulted in the production of strong, compact growth, while short days caused weak growth in most species. In long days water use was higher in summer than in winter, while in short days the reverse was true. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Photoperiodism-; responses-; foliage-plants; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-pumila; Ficus-benjamina GE: German-Federal-Republic; Germany- ID: Yucca-elephantipes BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Western-Europe; Europe CC: FF060 CD: Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry PT: Journal-article IS: 0341-2091 UD: 950314 AN: 850327672 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 27 of 93 TI: Composting combined city refuse and sewage sludge. AU: Soliva-M; Pujola-M; Bonilla-MJ; Poch-R; Giraldez-F; Batllo-M AD: Escuela de Agricultura de Barcelona, C/ Urgell, 187, Barcelona, Spain. SO: Acta-Horticulturae. 1984, No.150, 519-529; 6 ref. PY: 1984 LA: English AB: The composting procedure of 8 t town refuse with 2000 litres sewage sludge over 4 months is described. The final product was mixed with perlite or bark and tested with 3 ornamental species. A peat:perlite (1:1) mixture was the control. With Tagetes plant height was best in the control (101.9 cm) followed by the compost:bark (1:3) mixture (96.8 cm). Similar results were obtained in rooting trials with Scindapsus aureus [Epiprenum pinnatum]and Ficus benjamina. DE: growing-media; composition-; ornamental-plants; production-; Bark-; utilization-; Perlite-; Peat-; Refuse-compost; Sewage-sludge; Manures-; composting-; responses-; ornamental-herbaceous-plants OD: Tagetes-; Epipremnum-pinnatum; Ficus-benjamina ID: Substrates-in-horticulture-other-than-soils-in-situ BT: plants; ornamental-plants; Spermatophyta; Compositae; Asterales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Epipremnum; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales CC: FF040; JJ700; JJ900; XX100; JJ000 CD: Plant-Composition; Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments; Soil-Cultivation; Animal-Wastes; Soil-Science PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 UD: 950314 AN: 850327943 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 28 of 93 TI: Slurry produced by methanogenic fermentation of cow manure as a growth medium for some horticultural crops. AU: Raviv-M; Chen-Y; Geler-Z; Medina-S; Putievski-E; Inbar-Y AD: Newe Ya'ar Experiment Station, Haifa Post, Israel. SO: Acta-Horticulturae. 1984, No.150, 563-573; 10 ref. PY: 1984 LA: English AB: Roses of the cv. Mercedes were grown over 3 seasons in tuff alone or in a mixture containing 80% fine tuff + 20% dried slurry. Plants growing in the mixture with dried slurry yielded about 12% more flowers of good quality. In another trial sieved and leached slurry (Cabutz) was tested as a peat substitute in rooting and growth media with several ornamental species including Philodendron wendlandii, Epipremnum pinnatum and Ficus benjamina. Data are also tabulated on rooting of olive and grapevine cuttings. In all cases rooting was slightly better in Cabutz, and in P. wendlandii it was significantly better. DE: Roses-; cut-flowers; production-; protected-cultivation; growing-media; composition-; ornamental-plants; Olives-; cuttings-; rooting-; Grapes-; Farmyard-manure; utilization-; horticultural-crops; manures-; cattle-slurry; ornamental-woody-plants; subtropical-fruits; fruit-crops OD: Epipremnum-pinnatum; Ficus-benjamina; Rosa-; Olea-europaea; Vitis- ID: Substrates-in-horticulture-other-than-soils-in-situ; Philodendron-wendlandii; Tuff BT: plants; ornamental-plants; Spermatophyta; Epipremnum; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; Rosaceae; Rosales; Olea; Oleaceae; Scrophulariales; Vitidaceae; Rhamnales CC: FF100; JJ900; FF160; JJ700; XX100; FF000; FF600 CD: Plant-Production; Soil-Cultivation; Plant-Propagation; Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments; Animal-Wastes; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 UD: 950314 AN: 850327945 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 29 of 93 TI: The use of phytosanitary products. Foliage plants. OT: L'utilisation des produits phytosanitaires. Les plantes vertes. AU: Ignasse-J-F SO: Horticulture-Francaise. 1985, No. 169, 9-11. PY: 1985 LA: French AB: Recommended insecticides, acaricides and fungicides are listed, together with rates and target organisms for Dieffenbachia, croton (Codiaeum), Philodendron, Ficus elastica, F. benjamina, Fatshedera, Scindapsus, Cissus and ferns. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Foliage-plants; pests-; control-; diseases-; Acaricides-; pest-control; insecticides-; ornamental-plants; chemical-control; agricultural-entomology OD: Dieffenbachia-; Codiaeum-; Philodendron-; Ficus-elastica; Ficus-benjamina; Fatshedera-; Scindapsus-; Cissus-; Ferns-; arthropods- GE: France- BT: animals; pesticides; plants; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales; dicotyledons; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Araliaceae; Apiales; Vitidaceae; Rhamnales; Pteridophyta; invertebrates; Western-Europe; Europe; Mediterranean-Countries CC: HH000; HH400; FF600 CD: Pathogen,-Pest-and-Parasite-Management-General; Control-by-Chemicals-and-Drugs; Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants PT: Journal-article UD: 950314 AN: 850328050 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 30 of 93 TI: Production cycle of foliage ornamental plants on the Ein-Gedi system. AU: Soffer-H SO: Proceedings, sixth international congress on soilless culture, Lunteren, 1984. 1984, 599-611; 14 pl.; 6 ref. PB: ISOSC; Wageningen; Netherlands PY: 1984 LA: English AB: The EGS (Ein-Gedi Hydroculture System) rooting table for vegetative propagation accommodates 50 large or 700 small cuttings per m2. It ensures fast rooting and plant uniformity by ensuring a high O2 levels at the base of the cutting, continuous flushing of the base, dilution of rooting inhibitors, and prevention of root diseases. Results (obtained in Israel) with Dieffenbachia picta [maculata], Cordyline terminalis, Ficus benjamina, Schefflera arboricola and several other species are illustrated. DE: planting-stock; production-; soilless-culture; foliage-plants; Cuttings-; systems-; hydroponics-; Ornamental-plants OD: DIEFFENBACHIA-MACULATA; CORDYLINE-FRUTICOSA; Ficus-benjamina; Schefflera-arboricola ID: International-Society-for-Soilless-Culture BT: plants; Dieffenbachia; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Cordyline; Agavaceae; Liliales; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; Schefflera; Araliaceae; Apiales CC: FF000; FF100; FF160; NN900 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Plant-Production; Plant-Propagation; Other-Equipment PT: Conference-paper UD: 950314 AN: 850329093 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 31 of 93 TI: Studies on the Homotoma-complex with descriptions of ten new species from Yunnan, China (Homoptera: Psyllidae). AU: Yang-CK; Li-FS AD: Beijing Agricultural University, China. SO: Entomotaxonomia. 1984, 6: 2-3, 201-218; 13 fig. PY: 1984 LA: Chinese LS: English AB: Examination of a large quantity of psyllid specimens collected from different localities in Yunnan Province, China, in 1981, revealed the presence of 10 new species of Caenohomotoma. C. galbvittata sp. n. is described from adult males and females collected from Ficus sp., C. annesleae sp. n. from an adult male and female collected from Anneslea fragrans, C. altissimae sp. n. from adult males and females collected from F. pyriformis, C. mangiferae sp. n. from an adult male collected from mango, C. yunnanica sp. n. from adult males and female collected from Ficus sp., C. benjaminae sp. n. from adult males and an adult female collected from F. benjamina, C. xishuangana sp. n. from adult males and females collected from Ficus sp., and C. ruiliana sp. n. from an adult male collected from Ficus sp. The taxonomic status of various members of the complex is discussed. A key is given to the 17 Chinese and 4 exotic species of Caenohomotoma. DE: taxonomy-; new-species; distribution-; keys-; food-plants; mangoes-; trees-; agricultural-entomology OD: Psyllidae-; Ficus-; Ficus-benjamina; arthropods-; Mangifera-indica GE: China-; Yunnan- ID: Caenohomotoma-galbvittata; Caenohomotoma-annesleae; Caenohomotoma-altissimae; Caenohomotoma-mangiferae; Caenohomotoma-yunnanica; Caenohomotoma-benjaminae; Caenohomotoma-xishuangana; Caenohomotoma-ruiliana; Caenohomotoma; Anneslea-fragrans; Ficus-pyriformis BT: woody-plants; Spermatophyta; plants; Psylloidea; Sternorrhyncha; Homoptera; Hemiptera; insects; arthropods; invertebrates; animals; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Ficus; Mangifera; Anacardiaceae; Sapindales; East-Asia; Asia; South-Western-China; China CC: FF600; KK100; ZZ380 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Forestry-General; Taxonomy-and-Evolution PT: Journal-article IS: 1000-7482 UD: 950314 AN: 850524705 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 32 of 93 TI: Phomopsis twig die-back of some woody interior ornamentals in Alberta. AU: Benschop-K; Tewari-JP; Toop-EW AD: Dep. Pl. Sci., Univ. Alberta, Edmonton, Alta. T6G 2P5, Canada. SO: Canadian-Plant-Disease-Survey. 1984, 64: 2, 29-31; 6 fig.; 8 ref. PY: 1984 LA: English LS: French AB: P. cinerescens was identified as the causal agent of this disease of Ficus benjamina. F. nitida and Podocarpus macrophyllus were recognized as new hosts for this pathogen. DE: Records-; hosts-; ornamental-plants; plant-pathology; plant-pathogenic-fungi OD: Ficus-benjamina; Podocarpus-macrophyllus; fungi- GE: Alberta-; Canada- ID: Phomopsis-cinerescens; Ficus-nitida BT: plants; fungi; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Podocarpus; Podocarpaceae; Coniferae; gymnosperms; Canada; North-America; America CC: FF600 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants PT: Journal-article IS: 0008-476X UD: 950314 AN: 851306875 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 33 of 93 TI: Water stress, endogenous ethylene, and Ficus benjamina leaf abscission. AU: Graves-WR; Gladon-RJ AD: Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. SO: HortScience. 1985, 20: 2, 273-275; 15 ref. PY: 1985 LA: English AB: Plants were subjected to 48 h of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water stress. Leaf abscission and concentrations of endogenous ethylene in the leaves were monitored. Leaf abscission began 24 to 48 h after stress initiation, and most abscission occurred within the first 24 h after water stress was relieved. PEG-stressed plants lost 35 to 47% of their leaves by 120 h after the experiment was initiated. Older leaves abscised first and remained green throughout the abscission process. Endogenous ethylene concentrations increased sharply, then declined during the first 6 h of water stress, increased gradually, and, by the time leaf abscission began, the leaves contained 1.50 to 2.25 mul ethylene/litre. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Leaves-; abscission-; plant-physiology; Water-relations; Ethylene-; metabolism-; Water-balance; Growth-regulators; water-stress; Plant-water-relations; ornamental-plants; plant-growth-regulators OD: Ficus-benjamina; Ficus- ID: stress-ethylene; endogenous-ethylene RN: 74-85-1 BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta CC: FF062; FF060; JJ700; FF000; JJ300; FF100 CD: Plant-Water-Relations; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Soil-Physics; Plant-Production PT: Journal-article IS: 0018-5345 UD: 950314 AN: 850330155 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 34 of 93 TI: Freezing tolerance in the genus Ficus. AU: Hummel-RL; Johnson-CR AD: University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. SO: HortScience. 1985, 20: 2, 287-289; 8 ref. PY: 1985 LA: English AB: Freezing tolerances of 31 evergreen and semi-evergreen Ficus species growing outdoors were determined in late December, 1982. Ficus hookeriana, F. montana, F. rubiginosa, F. tinctoria and F. trigonata survived freezing at -2øC whereas the hardiest species, F. pumila survived -4ø. The other 25 species failed to survive freezing at -2ø. A tender species, F. benjamina, grown under natural environmental conditions, failed to survive a freeze of -4ø. Freezing avoidance via supercooling (in the laboratory by lowering the temperature at 2ø/h) appeared to be an effective means of survival for F. benjamina, as evidenced by 80% rooting in samples that were supercooled to -2 and -4ø. DE: species-; responses-; temperature-; frost-; resistance-; Acclimatization-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-; Ficus-pumila; Ficus-benjamina GE: Florida-; USA- ID: Ficus-hookeriana; Ficus-montana; Ficus-rubiginosa; Ficus-tinctoria; Ficus-trigonata BT: plants; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Ficus; South-Atlantic-States-of-USA; Southern-States-of-USA; USA; North-America; America; Gulf-States-of-USA; Southeastern-States-of-USA CC: FF000 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0018-5345 UD: 950314 AN: 850330161 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 35 of 93 TI: Summer temperature for foliage plants. AU: Poole-RT; Conover-CA AD: Agricultural Research and Education Center, Apopka, FL 32703, USA. SO: Foliage-Digest. 1985, 8: 4, 8; 2 ref. PY: 1985 LA: English AB: Four ornamental species were grown in 6-inch pots in greenhouses at 80 to 110øF between 23 May and 10 September. Aglaonema cv. Silver Queen and Ficus benjamina grew equally well at 90-110ø but Spathiphyllum cv. Mauna Loa and Dracaena marginata grew best at 90ø. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Temperature-; responses-; growth-; foliage-plants; ornamental-plants OD: Aglaonema-; Ficus-benjamina; Spathiphyllum-; Dracaena-marginata GE: Florida-; USA- BT: plants; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; Dracaena; Agavaceae; Liliales; South-Atlantic-States-of-USA; Southern-States-of-USA; USA; North-America; America; Gulf-States-of-USA; Southeastern-States-of-USA CC: FF000 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0740-2694 UD: 950314 AN: 850330703 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 36 of 93 TI: Comparison of a liquid fertilizer source with several slow-release fertilizers on Brassaia actinophylla and Ficus benjamina. AU: Conover-CA; Poole-RT AD: Agricultural Research and Education Center, Apopka, FL 32703, USA. SO: Foliage-Digest. 1985, 8: 6, 1-3; 8 ref. PY: 1985 LA: English AB: Schefflera actinophylla grew best with either Osmocote 18-6-12 or Sierrablen 19-6-10 but the best foliage colour was with the liquid fertilizer 19-6-10 (NH4NO3:P2O5:KNO3). F. benjamina also responded best to 19-6-10 liquid fertilizer with regard to plant grade and foliage colour. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Nitrogen-; nutrition-; foliage-plants; Phosphorus-; Potassium-; Fertilizers-; types-; liquid-fertilizers; slow-release-fertilizers; responses-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Schefflera-actinophylla GE: Florida-; USA- RN: 7727-37-9; 7723-14-0; 7440-09-7 BT: fertilizers; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Schefflera; Araliaceae; Apiales; South-Atlantic-States-of-USA; Southern-States-of-USA; USA; North-America; America; Gulf-States-of-USA; Southeastern-States-of-USA CC: JJ700; FF061; FF000 CD: Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments; Plant-Nutrition; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0740-2694 UD: 950314 AN: 850330705 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 37 of 93 TI: Ficus benjamina response to growth retardants. AU: Barrett-JE; Nell-TA AD: University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. SO: Proceedings-of-the-Florida-State-Horticultural-Society. 1983, publ. 1984, 96: 264-265; 3 pl.; 11 ref. PY: 1983 LA: English AB: Ancymidol as a 10 mg drench or 132 p.p.m. spray had little effect on the height increase of unpruned plants grown in a shade house (with 80% light exclusion). Both EL-500 [isopyrimol] and paclobutrazol, each as a 5 or 10 mg drench or a 500 or 2000 p.p.m. spray, reduced shoot elongation. Paclobutrazol was the more effective at a given rate. Elongation of unpruned plants treated with EL-500 and paclobutrazol sprays at 2000 p.p.m. was 55 and 25%, respectively, of that of untreated plants. For pruned plants sprayed with EL-500 or paclobutrazol, elongation was 36 and 8%, respectively, of that of untreated pruned plants; pruning resulted in very stunted growth and unsalable plants and is not recommended. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Growth-regulators; ancymidol-; responses-; isopyrimol-; paclobutrazol-; Pruning-; growth-inhibitors; plant-height; ornamental-plants; plant-growth-regulators; growth-retardants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Ficus- GE: Florida-; USA- RN: 12771-68-5; 55283-69-7; 76738-62-0 BT: growth-inhibitors; plant-growth-regulators; growth-retardants; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; South-Atlantic-States-of-USA; Southern-States-of-USA; USA; North-America; America; Gulf-States-of-USA; Southeastern-States-of-USA CC: FF000; FF100; FF060 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Plant-Production; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry PT: Journal-article IS: 0886-7283 UD: 950314 AN: 850331820 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 38 of 93 TI: Behaviour of two different composts used as substrates. AU: Arno-J; Soliva-M AD: Escola d'Agricultura, Carrer Urgell 187, 08036 Barcelona, Spain. SO: Acta-Horticulturae. 1985, No. 172, 133-140; 4 ref. PY: 1985 LA: English AB: Pine bark mixed with sewage sludge from 2 sources was composted, and the substrates were used for growing Ficus benjamina and Scindapsus aureus [Epipremnum pinnatum]. Plant growth was generally better in compost from Tossa compared with that from Blanes. DE: Bark-; utilization-; growing-media; pot-plants; Sewage-sludge; cultural-methods; composition-; pine-bark; responses-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; EPIPREMNUM-PINNATUM GE: Spain- ID: Composts-as-horticultural-substrates BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Epipremnum; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Southern-Europe; Europe; Mediterranean-Countries CC: FF040; JJ900; FF100 CD: Plant-Composition; Soil-Cultivation; Plant-Production PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 UD: 950314 AN: 850332489 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 39 of 93 TI: A submerged solar-heated greenhouse. OT: El invernadero solar enterrado - INSOLE. AU: Jimenez-Mejias-R AD: Estacion de Investigacion sobre Cultivos Horticolas Intensivos, La Mojonera, Almeria, Spain. SO: Boletin-Informativo,-Estacion-de-Investigacion-sobre-Cultivos-Horticolas-Intensivos. 1984, No. 7, 65-73; many fig. PY: 1984 LA: Spanish LS: English AB: A submerged plastic solar-heated structure is described for the production of ornamental plants under Almerian conditions of low rainfall (<250 mm/year) and high light (>3000 h light/year). No external source of energy is required for heating during the winter and the plants are protected from excessive heat during the summer. Internal summer temperatures can be lowered by the removal of a black net which traps heat during the winter and by painting the sloping roof white. Successful trials are reported with foliage plants including Aglaonema, Cordyline, Croton, Dieffenbachia, Ficus benjamina, Fittonia, Philodendron, Rhoeo and Scindapsus. DE: Greenhouses-; design-; climate-; control-; equipment-; protected-cultivation; systems-; foliage-plants; ornamental-plants OD: Aglaonema-; Cordyline-; Croton-; Dieffenbachia-; Ficus-benjamina; Fittonia-; Philodendron-; Rhoeo-; Scindapsus- GE: Spain- BT: plants; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Agavaceae; Liliales; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales; dicotyledons; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Acanthaceae; Scrophulariales; Commelinaceae; Commelinales; Southern-Europe; Europe; Mediterranean-Countries CC: NN300; HH000; NN400 CD: Farm-and-Horticultural-Structures; Pathogen,-Pest-and-Parasite-Management-General; Agricultural-and-Forestry-Equipment-General PT: Journal-article UD: 950314 AN: 850332926 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 40 of 93 TI: Nitrogen loss and plant responses of Ficus benjamina to different fertilizer sources applied preplant. AU: Wiedenfeld-RP AD: Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA. SO: HortScience. 1985, 20: 4, 720-722; 10 ref. PY: 1985 LA: English AB: Six fertilizers providing N in different forms were incorporated at 400, 800 or 1200 mg N/litre of pot volume. Inorganic N status of the media was determined biweekly, and total plant dry weight and N content were determined at the conclusion of the study. Length of time until inorganic N levels in the media dropped below a selected 0.12% level ranged from 94 days for the nitrate-N source to greater than 182 days for a resin coated-N fertilizer. Increases in the rate of N applied of 100%, from 400 to 800 mg N/litre, and of 50%, from 800 to 1200 mg N litre, resulted in increases of 47% and 25%, respectively, in the length of time media N levels remained above the critical level. All N sources produced plants of similar dry weight, whereas only the nitrate-N material gave a lower plant N content than other fertilizers. Increasing N rate increased plant N content but decreased plant dry weight. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Nitrogen-; fertilizers-; assessment-; requirements-; analysis-; nitrogen-fertilizers; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina GE: Texas-; USA- RN: 7727-37-9 BT: fertilizers; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Southern-Plains-States-of-USA; West-South-Central-States-of-USA; Southern-States-of-USA; USA; North-America; America; Great-Plains-States-of-USA; Gulf-States-of-USA; Southwestern-States-of-USA CC: JJ700; FF000 CD: Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0018-5345 UD: 950314 AN: 850332933 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 41 of 93 TI: Raising hydroplants for large containers. Experiments in tall culture pots. OT: Anzucht von Hydropflanzen fur Grossgefasse. Versuche in hohem Kulturtopfen. AU: Brundert-W; Schmidt-K AD: LVG Wolbeck der LWK Westfalen-Lippe, German Federal Republic. SO: Deutscher-Gartenbau. 1983, 37: 26, 1190-1191; 4 ref. PY: 1983 LA: German AB: Three plant species (Spathiphyllum cv. Mauna Loa, Ficus benjamina, Schefflera arboricola) were grown in 15/19 cm hydroculture pots with Blahton [expanded clay granules] (4-8 and 8-16 mm) at 2, 4, 6 and 8 cm depths and 0.85 g/l Flory 9 nutrient solution (NS). In summer, the 6 cm depth of NS proved optimal, while in winter 4 cm was sufficient to ensure good growth and plant quality of all 3 species. At lower NS depths the foliage was pale and the market value of the plants was reduced. Substrate granulation for Ficus was optimal at 4-8 mm, but for the other 2 species no effect of granule size was observed. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Soilless-culture; systems-; hydroponics-; foliage-plants; growing-media; ornamental-plants OD: Spathiphyllum-; Ficus-benjamina; Schefflera-arboricola GE: German-Federal-Republic; Germany- BT: plants; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; Schefflera; Araliaceae; Apiales; Western-Europe; Europe CC: JJ900; FF100 CD: Soil-Cultivation; Plant-Production PT: Journal-article IS: 0341-2091 UD: 950314 AN: 840317832 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 42 of 93 TI: Effect of fertilization level on some physiological, morphological and growth characteristics of Ficus benjamina. AU: Ceulemans-R; Gabriels-R; Impens-I AD: Antwerp University, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. SO: Physiologia-Plantarum. 1983, 59: 2, 253-256; 12 ref. PY: 1983 LA: English AB: Young plants were grown in perlite under a low photon flux density regime in the greenhouse and 7 fertilization levels covering nutrient deficiency and saline conditions. The compensation point for photosynthetic photon flux density was minimal and the quantum efficiency of photosynthesis was maximal at a fertilization level with an electrical conductivity of 1.75 mS. Dark respiration was not affected by the level of fertilization. Chlorophyll content/unit leaf area increased while stomatal conductance slowly decreased with increasing fertilization. Growth expressed in terms of either height, total dry weight or total leaf area attained an optimum at 1.75 mS. Leaf size and visible quality decreased at higher fertilizer levels. DE: nutrition-; Photosynthesis-; Stomata-; Chlorophyll-; metabolism-; Stomatal-movement; leaves-; fertilizers-; responses-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Ficus- ID: movements RN: 1406-65-1 BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta CC: FF060; JJ700; FF061; FF000 CD: Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments; Plant-Nutrition; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0031-9317 UD: 950314 AN: 840318166 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 43 of 93 TI: Effect of wounding method on rooting and water conductivity in four woody species of air-layered foliage plants. AU: Broschat-TK; Donselman-H AD: University of Florida, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA. SO: HortScience. 1983, 18: 4, 445-447; 1 pl.; 13 ref. PY: 1983 LA: English AB: Ficus elastica cv. Robusta, F. benjamina, Schefflera arboricola and Dracaena marginata were air-layered using 2 wounding methods. Rooting was best in double slit F. elastica but girdling produced a greater number of roots in the other 3 species. Girdling D. marginata stems induced coarse, unbranched roots while a finer more fibrous root system was produced on double-slit plants. Water conductivity through the wounded stem segments was reduced substantially in all 4 species by either form of wounding, with girdled stems having the lowest conductivities for S. arboricola and the 2 Ficus species. DE: air-layering; techniques-; foliage-plants; Mechanical-damage; ornamental-plants; Water-balance OD: Ficus-elastica; Ficus-benjamina; Schefflera-arboricola; Dracaena-marginata GE: Florida-; USA- BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Schefflera; Araliaceae; Apiales; Dracaena; Agavaceae; Liliales; monocotyledons; South-Atlantic-States-of-USA; Southern-States-of-USA; USA; North-America; America; Gulf-States-of-USA; Southeastern-States-of-USA CC: FF000; ZZ900; FF060 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Techniques-and-Methodology; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry PT: Journal-article IS: 0018-5345 UD: 950314 AN: 840318662 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 44 of 93 TI: New data on CO2 photosynthetic absorption and the growth of various ornamental and horticultural plants. OT: Nouvelles informations concernant l'absorption photosynthetique de CO2 et la croissance de differentes plantes ornementales et horticoles. AU: Ceulemans-R; Impens-I AD: Centrum voor Onderzoek naar de Potentiele Opbrengst van Planten, 1 B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. SO: Revue-de-l'Agriculture. 1983, 36: 4, 1123-1143; 2 pl.; 18 ref. PY: 1983 LA: French LS: English AB: In a trial with Vriesea hybrids the rate of photosynthesis varied from 0.038 mg CO2 m-2s-1 at 25øC for cv. Coral to more than 0.225 mg CO2 m-2s-1 at 15ø for cv. Espirito Santo. With Ficus benjamina grown at various fertilizer levels, the compensation point rose with increasing fertilization. Plants with low fertilizer had a lower chlorophyll content, a greater root/shoot ratio, and grew more slowly. In a trial with 4 azalea cultivars, increasing CO2 enrichment up to 600 cm3m-3 stimulated photosynthesis. Above this level, photosynthesis declined. Light saturation occurred around 70 000 lux. Cv. Knut Erwen had the highest net photosynthesis at high light intensity. In a trial with azalea cv. Reinhold Ambrosius, the antitranspirant Folicote reduced net photosynthesis and transpiration (by about 45%) but had little effect (4%) on individual plant water use efficiency. In the greenhouse, ambient temperature (varying between 28 and 40ø at noon) as well as light intensity had an effect on photosynthesis. The results are discussed in relation to the value of photosynthetic CO2 absorption as a possible index of growth or selection. DE: photosynthesis-; plant-physiology; ornamental-plants; Temperature-; responses-; Chlorophyll-; metabolism-; nutrition-; Carbon-dioxide; Light-; light-intensity; antitranspirants- OD: Vriesea-; Ficus-benjamina; Rhododendron- GE: Belgium- RN: 1406-65-1; 124-38-9 BT: plants; Bromeliaceae; Bromeliales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; Ericaceae; Ericales; Western-Europe; Europe CC: FF060 CD: Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry PT: Journal-article IS: 0776-2143 UD: 950314 AN: 840319466 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 45 of 93 TI: Methods to assay absorption of foliar applied nutrients and removal of unabsorbed residue. AU: Reed-DW AD: Dep. of Hort. Sci., Texas A. & M. Univ., College Station, TX 77843, USA. SO: Journal-of-Plant-Nutrition. 1983, 6: 8, 667-677; 12 ref. PY: 1983 LA: English AB: Only agar (1.6-3.1%), Rhoplex 33 and Elmers Glue out of 12 glues and adhesives were found to remove 95% or more of the radioactive residue from the leaves of Ficus benjamina (representing astomatous, glabrous leaves) and soyabean (stomatous, trichomatous leaves). All the residue could be removed by adding KH2PO4 to the agar and swabbing the area with 1N HCl and 1% Liquinox. 86Rb phosphate (pH 4.5 dries completely and pH 7.2 remains moist), Na 33P-phosphate (pH 4.5 moist and pH 8.5 dries) and 85Zn sulphate (dries) were applied to excised leaves with a stem, excised leaves alone with their bases in water, leaf discs and intact seedlings. It is concluded that excised leaves in water are suitable for assay purposes and compare favourably with the use of intact seedlings. Excised leaves or leaf discs in a saturated atmosphere were unsuitable because the normal drying of sol. on leaf surfaces was prevented. DE: Soyabeans-; leaves-; surfaces-; fertilizers-; residues-; removal-; absorption-; Techniques- OD: Glycine-Leguminosae ID: foliar BT: Leguminosae; Fabales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants CC: FF100; ZZ900; JJ700 CD: Plant-Production; Techniques-and-Methodology; Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments PT: Journal-article IS: 0190-4167 UD: 950314 AN: 840756145 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 46 of 93 TI: Effect of carbon dioxide on the growth and development of plants in pots. OT: Influence du gaz carbonique sur la croissance et le developpement des plantes en pots. AU: Auge-R; Vidalie-H; Laffaire-M; Guerin-L AD: ENITA, 49045 Angers Cedex, France. SO: P.H.M. --Revue-Horticole. 1984, No. 244, 29-32, 34-35; 1 pl. PY: 1984 LA: French AB: In a preliminary trial, five flowering and foliage plants were grown in the greenhouse with about 400 (control) or 1200-1400 p.p.m. CO2, injected from 0800 to 1700 h in February/March and from 0700 to 1600 h in April/June. The results were as follows: growth and earliness of rose cv. Sonia were enhanced by CO2 but cut flower quality was better for control; saintpaulia cv. Ballet Bleu growth and flowering were enhanced by CO2; pelargonium cv. Ringo (F1 hybrid) earliness and uniformity of flowering were markedly enhanced by CO2; Asplenium nidus foliage and shoot production were enhanced by CO2 but necrotic spots appeared on the foliage; and with Ficus benjamina CO2 had a positive effect on growth. The data are tabulated. DE: Roses-; protected-cultivation; carbon-dioxide; ornamental-plants; responses-; cut-flowers; production-; ornamental-herbaceous-plants; ornamental-woody-plants OD: Saintpaulia-; Pelargonium-; Asplenium-nidus; Ficus-benjamina; Rosa- GE: France- RN: 124-38-9 BT: plants; ornamental-plants; Spermatophyta; Gesneriaceae; Scrophulariales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Geraniaceae; Geraniales; Asplenium; Aspleniaceae; ferns; Pteridophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Rosaceae; Rosales; Western-Europe; Europe; Mediterranean-Countries CC: FF100 CD: Plant-Production PT: Journal-article UD: 950314 AN: 840320187 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 47 of 93 TI: Postharvest effects of shipping temperatures and subsequent interior keeping quality of Ficus benjamina. AU: Collins-PC; Blessington-TM AD: Mississippi State University, MS 39762, USA. SO: HortScience. 1983, 18: 5, 757-758; 1 pl.; 12 ref. PY: 1983 LA: English AB: The plants were dark-stored for 4, 8 or 12 days at 3ø, 7ø, 21ø, 35ø or 39øC and then held indoors for 30 days. Plants received no damage when they were stored at 21 or 35ø, or when stored for 4 days at any temperature treatment. Leaf loss and foliar damage were more severe and dry weight, chlorophyll content and plant grade were reduced as exposure time increased from 4 to 12 days. Plants exposed to 21ø or 35ø had less leaf loss and no foliar damage and greater dry weight, chlorophyll content and plant grade than plants exposed to 3ø, 7ø or 39ø. Chlorophyll content was lowest in plants exposed to 39ø. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; storage-; Temperature-; responses-; plant-physiology; Acclimatization-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Ficus- BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta CC: SS200; FF060; FF900 CD: Agricultural-Products-Plant; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Environmental-Tolerance-of-Plants PT: Journal-article IS: 0018-5345 UD: 950314 AN: 840320416 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 48 of 93 TI: Pot plant production, environmental conditions and energy consumption in insulated greenhouses. OT: Potteplanteproduktion, klima og energiforbrug i isolerede vaekshuse. AU: Bjerre-H; Amsen-MG AD: Havebrugscentret, Institut for Vaeksthustkulturer, 5792 Arslev, Denmark. SO: Tidsskrift-for-Planteavl. 1983, 87: 6, 581-595; 17 ref. PY: 1983 LA: Danish LS: English AB: A study was carried out during the winters of 1980-81 and 1981-82 in four different types of greenhouse. Compared with the control greenhouse (a single-layer glasshouse with a mobile shading curtain, drawn at night) energy savings of 29-32% were achieved with double glass insulation, 39% with double acrylic insulation and 22-24% with an aluminium-coated thermal screen in a single-layer glasshouse. The RH in the double-glazed house was 80-86%; it was 5-10% lower in the single-layer glasshouse. The pot plants tested were: chrysanthemum cv. Yellow Mandalay, Codiaeum variegatum cv. Hollufiana, Dieffenbachia maculata cv. Compacta, Ficus benjamina, Hedera canariensis cv. Gloire de Marengo, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana cv. Annette, and Saintpaulia ionantha cv. Ballet. Growth was measured by dry matter production. Compared with the control greenhouse, 3 spp. showed 5-10% higher production in the double acrylic greenhouse and the greenhouse with a thermal screen. In 4 spp., production in the double-glazed greenhouse was 10% lower than in the control greenhouse. Chrysanthemums and Kalanchoe were much less compact in the double acrylic greenhouse. Chrysanthemums were also less compact in the double-glazed greenhouse. DE: Greenhouses-; cladding-; energy-conservation; cultural-methods; pot-plants; Protected-cultivation; systems-; environmental-control; ornamental-plants OD: Chrysanthemum-; Codiaeum-variegatum; Dieffenbachia-maculata; Ficus-benjamina; Kalanchoe-blossfeldiana; HEDERA-HELIX-SUBSP.-CANARIENSIS ID: Hedera-canariensis; Saintpaulia-ionantha BT: plants; Compositae; Asterales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Codiaeum; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales; Dieffenbachia; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Kalanchoe; Crassulaceae; Rosales; Hedera-helix; Hedera; Araliaceae; Apiales CC: NN300; PP100; NN310 CD: Farm-and-Horticultural-Structures; Energy; Environmental-Control-in-Structures PT: Journal-article IS: 0040-7135 UD: 950314 AN: 840321106 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 49 of 93 TI: Controlled application of water in the culture of hothouse plants II. OT: Waterbeheersing bij de teelt van warme kasplanten II. AU: Beel-E; Schelstraete-A AD: Proefstation voor de Tuinbouw-B.V.O., Stookte, 9200 Wetteren, Belgium. SO: Verbondsnieuws-voor-de-Belgische-Sierteelt. 1983, 27: 19, 953...959. PY: 1983 LA: Dutch AB: Pot-grown plants of Ficus benjamina and the Dieffenbachia cultivars Marianne and Camilla were irrigated with nutrient solution 36-44 times using 9 different systems, including drip irrigation, capillary matting, and nutrient film technique (NFT) with channel widths of 9-35 cm, and a sandbed (control) from 23 September to 18 January. With F. benjamina plant height was greatest with NFT, with a channel width of 11 cm and Netafim capillary matting. Differences in the numbers of side shoots were slight between systems. With Dieffenbachia plant height was greatest with NFT, with a channel width of 10 cm and Plantdrip trickle irrigation; the latter system also tended to produce the greatest number of side shoots. Data are also presented on the amounts of water used by the various systems; the incident radiation, assessed at intervals throughout the trial; and the soil pH and total salts concentration at different levels in the pots, with various treatments. [For part I see HcA 53, 5322.] DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Irrigation-; systems-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Dieffenbachia- GE: Belgium- BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Western-Europe; Europe CC: FF000 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0771-3851 UD: 950314 AN: 840321229 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 50 of 93 TI: Sedge moss peat, solite, and Melaleuca quinquenervia as potting medium components for shadehouse production of foliage plants. AU: Conover-CA; Poole-RT AD: University of Florida, Box 580, Apopka, FL 32703, USA. SO: HortScience. 1983, 18: 6, 888-890; 9 ref. PY: 1983 LA: English AB: Media composed of sedge peat (P), solite (fired Montmorillonite clay) (SO) or of shredded bark (MB) or entire tree fragments (MM) (shredded bark, wood, seed pods and leaves) of M. quinquenervia, in various combinations, were evaluated on Ficus benjamina and Dracaena marginata. Media composed of P:SO at 3:1 or 2:1 (v/v) ratios compared favourably with the P:sand 3:1 medium (control) while mixes composed of P:MB:SO or P:MM:SO produced equivalent plants only when the Melaleuca component was less than 50% by volume. Media containing Melaleuca had high non-capillary pore space and reduced water-holding capacities which may have been responsible for decreased plant quality when 50% by volume was used. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Growing-media; composition-; foliage-plants; plant-residues; utilization-; Peat-; Montmorillonite-; Bark-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Dracaena-marginata; Melaleuca-quinquenervia RN: 1318-93-0 BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Dracaena; Agavaceae; Liliales; monocotyledons; Melaleuca; Myrtaceae; Myrtales CC: FF040; JJ900; FF100 CD: Plant-Composition; Soil-Cultivation; Plant-Production PT: Journal-article IS: 0018-5345 UD: 950314 AN: 840321341 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 51 of 93 TI: Leaf spot disease of Ficus benjamina caused by Corynespora cassiicola. AU: Chase-AR AD: Pl. Path. Dep., Univ. Florida, Agric. Res. Cent., Apopka 32703, USA. SO: [in Florida]. Plant-Disease. 1984, 68: 3, 251; 2 ref. PY: 1984 LA: English DE: ornamental-plants; plant-pathology OD: Ficus-benjamina; Corynespora-cassiicola GE: Florida-; USA- BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Corynespora; Deuteromycotina; Eumycota; fungi; South-Atlantic-States-of-USA; Southern-States-of-USA; USA; North-America; America; Gulf-States-of-USA; Southeastern-States-of-USA CC: FF600 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants PT: Journal-article IS: 0191-2917 UD: 950314 AN: 841398864 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 52 of 93 TI: Growth response of container-grown plants in potting media amended with lignite. AU: Kamp-M; Emino-ER AD: Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA. SO: Acta-Horticulturae. 1983, No. 133, 191-198; 3 ref. PY: 1983 LA: English AB: A peat-vermiculite (50/50 v/v) potting medium was amended with 0, 25 or 33% lignite by volume to determine if this could be used as a major media component for the culture of several greenhouse crops. Lignite-amended media did not alter the growth parameters of Pelargonium at 25 and 33% lignite. With 25% lignite Philodendron selloum grew as well as controls but at 33% growth was reduced and the leaves exhibited some phytotoxicity. Ficus benjamina, Ardisia humilis, poinsettias and Chrysanthemum morifolium responded poorly to lignite-amended media and leaf phytotoxicity was observed on plants with reduced growth. Leaf phytotoxicity in Chrysanthemum and Philodendron was not related to an excess of minor element content in the leaves. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Poinsettias-; Peat-; utilization-; growing-media; ornamental-plants; Vermiculite-; Lignite-; amendments- OD: Pelargonium-; Ficus-benjamina; Chrysanthemum-; Euphorbia-pulcherrima; PHILODENDRON-BIPINNATIFIDUM ID: Nutrient-film-technique-and-substrates; Philodendron-selloum; Ardisia-humilis RN: 1318-00-9 BT: plants; Geraniaceae; Geraniales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Compositae; Asterales; Euphorbia; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales; Philodendron; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons CC: JJ900; JJ700; FF000 CD: Soil-Cultivation; Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 UD: 950314 AN: 840322522 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 53 of 93 TI: Early responses with EL500 and paclobutrazol trunk banding of ornamental trees. AU: Hield-H AD: California University, Riverside, California 92521, USA. SO: Proceedings, Tenth Annual Meeting, Plant Growth Regulator Society of America. 1983, 182-190; 6 ref. PB: PGR Society of America; East Lansing; USA PY: 1983 LA: English AB: In a field trial EL500 [flurprimidol] and paclobutrazol applied as bands on the trunks of several tree spp. led to root length reductions without chemical drift to non-target plants. EL500 reduced Morus alba growth for 1.6 years, Ulmus parvifolia for 1 growing season and Ficus nitida, with repeated bandings, for slightly over 1 year. Two bandings with paclobutrazol reduced the length of F. nitida shoot growth for 1 year. The most efficient chemical rates and the most effective carrier systems still have to be determined. DE: growth-retardation; growth-regulators; paclobutrazol-; responses-; woody-plants; flurprimidol-; application-methods; ornamental-plants; ornamental-woody-plants; plant-growth-regulators; growth-inhibitors; mulberries- OD: Morus-alba; Ulmus-parvifolia; FICUS-BENJAMINA GE: USA- ID: Plant-Growth-Regulator-Society-of-America RN: 76738-62-0; 56425-91-3 BT: growth-retardants; plant-growth-regulators; Spermatophyta; plants; ornamental-plants; Morus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Ulmus; Ulmaceae; Ficus; North-America; America CC: FF000; FF100; FF060 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Plant-Production; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry PT: Conference-paper UD: 950314 AN: 840323298 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 54 of 93 TI: Variations in the stomatal resistance and transpiration rates of Ficus benjamina subjected to different irrigation regimes. OT: Variaciones de la resistencia estomatica y de las tasas de transpiracion en Ficus benjamina sometido a distintos regimenes de riego. AU: Tapia-L; Aguila-JF; Campos-B AD: Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. SO: Primer-Congreso-Nacional. 1983, I: 109-119; 15 ref. PB: Sociedad Espanola de Ciencias Horticolas; Almeria; Spain PY: 1983 LA: Spanish AB: Rooted cuttings planted in pots in a 3:1 peat:perlite (v:v) medium should be irrigated at 60-70% water holding capacity. Changes in stomatal resistance and transpiration rates were correlated with the water content of the medium. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Irrigation-; responses-; Stomata-; plant-physiology; Transpiration-; Stomatal-movement; Plant-water-relations; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Ficus- ID: Spanish-Society-of-Horticultural-Science BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta CC: FF062; FF060; PP400; JJ800; FF000; JJ300 CD: Plant-Water-Relations; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Erosion-Soil-and-Water-Conservation; Soil-Water-Management; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Soil-Physics PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article UD: 950314 AN: 840323358 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 55 of 93 TI: Water regulation in the culture of hothouse plants. OT: Waterbeheersing bij de teelt van warme kasplanten. AU: Beel-E; Schelstraete-A AD: Proeftuin voor de Tuinbouw-BVO, 9200 Wetteren, Belgium. SO: Verbondsnieuws-voor-de-Belgische-Sierteelt. 1984, 28: 7, 313-317; 1 fig. PY: 1984 LA: Dutch AB: In a trial with pot-grown plants of the Dieffenbachia cv. Camilla and Ficus benjamina, the effects were compared of several different irrigation systems applying nutrient solution between March and July. With cv. Camilla the numbers of side shoots and leaves were greatest with an NFT system with 11-cm wide canals; plant height was greatest with Rainbird and Netafim drip irrigation systems. With F. benjamina the best vegetative growth was obtained with Netafim drip and X trickle irrigation systems. Data are also presented on the amounts of water used and the number of days on which irrigation was applied with the various systems, and the effects on soil pH, salt and nutrient element concentrations at 3 different soil levels. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; irrigation-; systems-; Fertilizers-; application-; hydroponics-; NUTRIENT-FILM-TECHNIQUES; ornamental-plants OD: Dieffenbachia-; Ficus-benjamina GE: Belgium- BT: plants; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; Western-Europe; Europe CC: JJ700; FF100; NN900 CD: Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments; Plant-Production; Other-Equipment PT: Journal-article IS: 0771-3851 UD: 950314 AN: 840324073 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 56 of 93 TI: Use of Osmocote in rooting medium. AU: Choy-PS; Rauch-FD AD: Dep. of Horticulture, HITAHR, Manoa, Hawaii, USA. SO: Research-Extension-Series,-Hawaii-Institute-of-Tropical-Agriculture-and-Human-Resources. 1983, No. 037, 207-209; 12 ref. PY: 1983 LA: English AB: Effects of Osmocote (slow-release NPK) and micronutrients on rooting and subsequent growth of cuttings of foliage plants are briefly reviewed. An experiment has been set up using Aglaonema, Dracaena marginata, Ficus benjamina and Schefflera arboricola (results not reported). DE: Slow-release-fertilizers; NPK-fertilizers; ornamental-plants; trace-element-fertilizers; responses-; cuttings-; rooting-; growing-media; Foliage-plants; composition-; Fertilizers-; types- OD: Aglaonema-; Dracaena-marginata; Ficus-benjamina; Schefflera-arboricola ID: Fertilizer-and-Ornamentals-Workshop BT: fertilizers; compound-fertilizers; plants; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Dracaena; Agavaceae; Liliales; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; Schefflera; Araliaceae; Apiales CC: JJ700; FF160; JJ900; FF000; FF040 CD: Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments; Plant-Propagation; Soil-Cultivation; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Plant-Composition PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0271-9916 UD: 950314 AN: 841988883 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 57 of 93 TI: Climatic protection of ornamental plants in Almeria. First results. OT: La proteccion climatica en los cultivos de plantas ornamentales en Almeria. Primeros resultados. AU: Jimenez-Mejias-R; Lafarque-Garcia-A AD: Apartado de Correos 695, Almeria, Spain. SO: Boletin-Informativo,-Estacion-de-Investigacion-sobre-Cultivos-Horticolas-Intensivos. 1983, No. 6, 27-30. PY: 1983 LA: Spanish LS: English AB: Foliage plants grown outdoors under nets or without protection suffered from low winter temperatures. Sansevieria grew well under transparent plastic; Aralia japonica [Fatsia japonica], Aspidistra, Coleus and Euonymus grew well under white plastic; and Codiaeum, Dieffenbachia, Ficus benjamina and Philodendron, particularly, and also Alocasia, Brassaia [Schefflera], Caladium, Cordyline, most Dracaena spp. tested, some Peperomia spp., Rhoeo discolor and Scindapsus grew well in submerged solar-heated structures. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Foliage-plants; protected-cultivation; systems-; assessment-; Plastic-film; utilization-; plastics-; solar-heating; ornamental-plants OD: Sansevieria-; Fatsia-japonica; Aspidistra-; Coleus-; Euonymus-; Codiaeum-; Dieffenbachia-; Ficus-benjamina; Philodendron-; Alocasia-; Schefflera-; Caladium-; Cordyline-; Dracaena-; Peperomia-; RHOEO-SPATHACEA; Scindapsus- GE: Spain- BT: plants; Agavaceae; Liliales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Fatsia; Araliaceae; Apiales; dicotyledons; Liliaceae; Labiatae; Lamiales; Celastraceae; Celastrales; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales; Araceae; Arales; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Piperaceae; Piperales; Rhoeo; Commelinaceae; Commelinales; Southern-Europe; Europe; Mediterranean-Countries CC: FF000; NN300 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Farm-and-Horticultural-Structures PT: Journal-article UD: 950314 AN: 840325428 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 58 of 93 TI: How calcium deficiency is expressed in ornamental plants. Geisenheim experiments draw attention to the correct calcium supply. OT: Wie sich Kalzium-Mangel an Zierpflanzen zeigt. Geisenheimer Versuche lenken Aufmerksamkeit auf die richtige Ca-Versorgung. AU: Molitor-H-D; Hanneck-I; Fischer-M AD: Institut fur Zierpflanzenbau der GAF Geisenheim, German Federal Republic. SO: Gb-+-Gw. 1984, 84: 43, 1027-1030; 12 col. pl.; 8 ref. PY: 1984 LA: German AB: Elatior begonia hybrids, Ficus benjamina, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Saintpaulia ionantha plants growing in hydroculture (Blahton) received 100, 50 or 0 mg Ca/litre in the nutrient supply in addition to an initial 100 mg Ca. Where the Ca supply was inadequate a check in plant growth was noted before obvious deficiency symptoms appeared. The reduction in fresh weight was especially marked in begonia. In a further experiment Ca-deficiency symptoms induced by high RH were observed in Asplenium nidus. Deficiency symptoms in the above species and in Ficus pumila are described and illustrated. Ca-deficiency symptoms on begonia appeared at a Ca-level of 0.1% of tissue dry weight and on Saintpaulia at 0.31%. Optimal Ca-levels varied with species from 0.35 to 2.03%. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Calcium-; deficiency-; ornamental-plants OD: Begonia-; Ficus-benjamina; Hibiscus-rosa-sinensis; Saintpaulia-; Asplenium-nidus; Ficus-pumila GE: German-Federal-Republic; Germany- RN: 7440-70-2 BT: plants; Begoniaceae; Violales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Hibiscus; Malvaceae; Malvales; Gesneriaceae; Scrophulariales; Asplenium; Aspleniaceae; ferns; Pteridophyta; Western-Europe; Europe CC: FF061 CD: Plant-Nutrition PT: Journal-article UD: 950314 AN: 840325917 CAB Abstracts 1984-1986 59 of 93 TI: Root rot of Ficus benjamina. AU: Bolton-AT AD: Res. Sta., Agric. Canada, Ottawa, Ont. K1A 0C6, Canada. SO: Plant-Disease. 1984, 68: 9, 816-817; 1 fig., 2 tab.; 2 ref. PY: 1984 LA: English AB: Chlorosis, defoliation and dieback of weeping fig (F. benjamina) were partially attributable to root infection by several fungi. Among the isolates, Rhizoctonia solani caused death of young plants within a few weeks after the roots or root medium were inoculated with mycelial suspensions. Fusarium oxysporum caused severe symptoms and subsequent death of plants inoculated 6 wk after transplanting rooted cuttings to soil mixture. Pythium aphanidermatum and Cylindrocarpon sp. caused severe infection in newly rooted cuttings but did not affect those inoculated 6 wk after transplanting. Control of the disease in early stages of development was achieved by drenching the root medium with benomyl or PCNB [quintozene]. DE: root-rots; aetiology-; control-; Benomyl-; Quintozene-; diseases-; ornamental-plants; plant-pathology; plant-pathogenic-fungi OD: Ficus-benjamina; Rhizoctonia-solani; Fusarium-oxysporum; Pythium-aphanidermatum; Cylindrocarpon-; fungi- GE: Canada- RN: 17804-35-2; 82-68-8 BT: benzimidazole-fungicides; fungicides; pesticides; aromatic-fungicides; plants; fungi; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Rhizoctonia; Deuteromycotina; Eumycota; Fusarium; Pythium; Peronosporales; Mastigomycotina; North-America; America CC: FF600; HH000; FF000 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Pathogen,-Pest-and-Parasite-Management-General; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0191-2917 UD: 950314 AN: 841303319 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 60 of 93 TI: Transpiration and water use of potted floricultural plants under low-light conditions. AU: Rajapakse-NC; Kelly-JW; Reed-DW AD: Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1988, 113: 6, 910-914; 10 pl.; 17 ref. PY: 1988 LA: English AB: Environmental conditions during the experiment were 25 ñ 2øC, 75 ñ 10% RH and 20 mumol s-1 m-2 (400-700 nm) light intensity. Leaf cuticular and stomatal morphology were characterized with scanning electron micrographs. Coleus blumei had the highest transpiration rate, chrysanthemum was intermediate, and Ficus benjamina, Peperomia magnolifolia [P. obtusifolia] and Epipremnum aureum [E. pinnatum] had the lowest transpiration rates. ABA treatment reduced the daytime transpiration, which eliminated the diurnal fluctuation of transpiration in all species, but had no effect on night transpiration except in Coleus. Assuming complete stomatal closure at night with ABA treatment, cuticular transpiration accounted for 43 to 80% of the total transpiration rate under low-light conditions. This result pointed to the importance of leaf cuticular and stomatal characteristics in controlling water use of plants under low light or dark storage. Species differed in cuticular characteristics, stomatal frequency and size, and leaf area. Stomatal frequency correlated well with transpiration rates, except in those species with unique stomatal morphologies, such as Ficus, with sunken stomata surrounded by a protruding ridge. Coleus and chrysanthemum developed less epicuticular wax than the other species. Epicuticular and stomatal characteristics were correlated with the transpiration rates of these species. DE: transpiration-; measurement-; light-; pot-plants; growth-regulators; abscisic-acid; responses-; leaves-; histology-; Stomata-; Cuticle-; plant-physiology; storage-; foliage-plants; Water-relations; Water-balance; Light-intensity; Ornamental-plants; water-use; Plant-water-relations; plant-growth-regulators; growth-inhibitors; ornamental-herbaceous-plants OD: Coleus-blumei; Ficus-benjamina; Epipremnum-pinnatum; Peperomia-obtusifolia; Coleus-; Chrysanthemum-; Ficus-; Epipremnum-; Peperomia- GE: Egypt- RN: 21293-29-8 BT: growth-inhibitors; plant-growth-regulators; plants; ornamental-plants; Spermatophyta; Coleus; Labiatae; Lamiales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Epipremnum; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Peperomia; Piperaceae; Piperales; Compositae; Asterales; North-Africa; Africa; Mediterranean-Countries; Middle-East CC: FF030; FF062; SS200; FF100; FF060; JJ700; FF000; JJ300 CD: Plant-Morphology-and-Structure; Plant-Water-Relations; Agricultural-Products-Plant; Plant-Production; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Soil-Physics PT: Journal-article IS: 0003-1062 UD: 950316 AN: 890353811 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 61 of 93 TI: Rooting temperatures for ornamental plant cuttings for solution culture. OT: Bewurzelungstemperaturen von Zierpflanzenstecklingen fur Hydrokultur. AU: Hentig-WU-von; Fischer-M AD: Institut fur Zierpflanzenbau der Forschungsanstalt fur Weinbau, Gartenbau, Getranketechnologie und Landespflege, 6222 Geisenheim, German Federal Republic. SO: Deutscher-Gartenbau. 1987, 41: 9, 522-525; 6 pl.; 8 ref. PY: 1987 LA: German AB: Cuttings of several ornamental foliage and flowering plants were grown in solution culture in the greenhouse with 4000-5000 lx light intensities, 16-h photoperiods and 20øC ventilation temperatures. The plants were fertilized at recommended rates with the complete fertilizer Flory 9, and the nutrient solution was kept at pH 5.0-6.0 and heated to 18, 21, 24, 27 30 or 33ø (ñ0.2ø). The optimum rooting temperatures were as follows: Cissus rhombifolia (24ø), Codiaeum variegatum cv. Aucubafolia (27-30ø), Dracaena marginata (30ø), Ficus benjamina (24-30ø), Schefflera arboricola (21-24ø), Aeschynanthus hybrid cv. Schlatters Koralle (24ø), Columnea hybrid cv. Stavanger (24ø), Nematanthus hybrid cv. Tropicana (24ø), Saintpaulia ionantha cv. Rhapsodie Typ 6 (21ø) and Streptocarpus hybrid cv. Freya (18-24ø). DE: soilless-culture; nutrient-solutions; temperature-; ornamental-plants; cuttings-; rooting-; responses-; ornamental-herbaceous-plants OD: Cissus-rhombifolia; Codiaeum-variegatum; Dracaena-marginata; Ficus-benjamina; Schefflera-arboricola; Aeschynanthus-; Columnea-; Nematanthus-; Saintpaulia-; Streptocarpus- BT: plants; ornamental-plants; Spermatophyta; Cissus; Vitidaceae; Rhamnales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Codiaeum; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales; Dracaena; Agavaceae; Liliales; monocotyledons; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Schefflera; Araliaceae; Apiales; Gesneriaceae; Scrophulariales CC: FF100; FF160; FF000 CD: Plant-Production; Plant-Propagation; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0341-2091 UD: 950316 AN: 890391652 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 62 of 93 TI: Millimeter-wave bistatic scattering from ground and vegetation targets. AU: Ulaby-FT; Deventer-TE-van; East-JR; Haddock-TF; Coluzzi-ME AD: Dep. Elec. Eng. & Comp. Sci., Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2122, USA. SO: IEEE-Transactions-on-Geoscience-and-Remote-Sensing. 1988, 26: 3, 229-243; 9 ref. PY: 1988 LA: English AB: A 35-GHz bistatic radar system was used to measure the attenuation through trees and the bistatic scattering pattern of foliage of Ficus nitida [F. benjamina] and arbor vitae [Thuja occidentalis ?]. The data were in good agreement with a first-order multiple scattering model. The system was also used to measure the power scattered from sand and gravel surfaces. DE: Remote-sensing; radar-; simulation- OD: Ficus-benjamina; Thuja-occidentalis BT: Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Thuja; Cupressaceae; Coniferae; gymnosperms CC: KK120; KK100; ZZ100 CD: Forest-Mensuration-and-Management; Forestry-General; Mathematics-and-Statistics PT: Journal-article IS: 0196-2892 UD: 950316 AN: 890630638 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 63 of 93 TI: Container size and potting medium affect growth rate of weeping fig and loquat. AU: McConnell-DB AD: Ornamental Horticulture Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. SO: Proceedings-of-the-Florida-State-Horticultural-Society. 1987, publ. 1988, 100: 337-339; 9 ref. PY: 1987 LA: English AB: Rooted cuttings of Ficus benjamina were grown in 4-, 6- or 8-inch-diameter containers in a glasshouse with 80% light exclusion, and Eriobotrya japonica seedling liners (for landscaping) were grown in 1-, 2- or 3-gal containers on white gravel beds in full sun. The potting medium was either a 1:1:1 mixture of peat + sand + pine bark or MetroMix 500, a commercial medium containing peat, vermiculite, sand, bark ash and pine bark. Weeping fig grew fastest in the 8-inch container and slowest in the 4-inch container, while loquat grew slightly faster in the 3-gal than in the 1-gal container. Plant growth rate was greater in the commercial medium in 5 of the 6 studies conducted. DE: Protected-cultivation; Soilless-culture; cultural-methods; containers-; Loquats-; planting-stock; production-; size-; Peat-; utilization-; growing-media; Sand-; Bark-; Vermiculite-; responses-; Nurseries-; ornamental-plants; subtropical-fruits; fruit-crops; ornamental-woody-plants; broadleaves- OD: Ficus-benjamina; Ficus-; Eriobotrya-; Eriobotrya-japonica GE: USA-; Florida- ID: Florida-State-Horticultural-Society RN: 1318-00-9 BT: plants; ornamental-plants; Spermatophyta; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Rosaceae; Rosales; Eriobotrya; North-America; America; South-Atlantic-States-of-USA; Southern-States-of-USA; USA; Gulf-States-of-USA; Southeastern-States-of-USA CC: JJ900; FF100; FF000; KK160; KK110; FF160 CD: Soil-Cultivation; Plant-Production; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Arboriculture; Silviculture; Plant-Propagation PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0886-7283 UD: 950316 AN: 890354892 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 64 of 93 TI: Effect of potting medium temperatures on release curves of slow-release fertilizers in the presence of Ficus benjamina. AU: Conover-CA; Poole-RT AD: Central Florida Research & Education Center, University of Florida, Apopka, FL 32703, USA. SO: Proceedings-of-the-Florida-State-Horticultural-Society. 1987, publ. 1988, 100: 357-360; 12 ref. PY: 1987 LA: English AB: Plants were grown in 15-cm-diameter pots containing a sand-peat medium, at 20, 25, 30 or 35øC soil temperatures, and fertilized annually with 2000 kg N/ha from different Osmocote slow-release N:P:K sources. In the first experiment, these sources were 24:2.2:10, 24:2.6:10, 19:2.6:10 and 18:2.6:10; in the second they were 24:2.2:7.5, 24:2.2:6.6, 19:2.6:10 and 18:2.6:10. The experiments were conducted in the summer, and greenhouse air temperatures were maintained at 21ø minimum to 32ø maximum. Increasing soil temperatures had a variable, but generally adverse, effect on plant height and quality grade. Levels of soluble salts in the soil leachate decreased with time, with a reduction of 70% or more over a 3-month period. Differences in levels of soluble salts occurred between the slow-release sources but were not large, and the soil temperature effects on levels of soluble salts were minimal. DE: Protected-cultivation; Soilless-culture; cultural-methods; pot-plants; Nitrogen-; fertilizers-; assessment-; Phosphorus-; Potassium-; Growing-media; temperature-; responses-; growth-; slow-release-fertilizers; soil-temperature; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina ID: Florida-State-Horticultural-Society RN: 7727-37-9; 7723-14-0; 7440-09-7 BT: fertilizers; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta CC: JJ700; JJ300; JJ900; FF100; FF000 CD: Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments; Soil-Physics; Soil-Cultivation; Plant-Production; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0886-7283 UD: 950316 AN: 890354896 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 65 of 93 TI: High temperatures increase the growth of foliage plants. OT: Hoye temperaturer gir okt tilvekst hos gronnplanter. AU: Mortensen-LM AD: Institutt for Hagebruk, Norges Landbrukshogskole, 1432 As, Norway. SO: Gartneryrket. 1988, 78: 11, 359; 2 pl. PY: 1988 LA: Norwegian AB: The growth rates of Ficus benjamina, F. elastica, Syngonium [podophyllum] and Radermachera sp. [Stereospermum chelonoides] increased steadily up to 27øC. For Nephrolepis exaltata and Dieffenbachia sp., the optimum temperature appeared to be 24ø. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Temperature-; responses-; growth-; foliage-plants; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Ficus-elastica; Syngonium-podophyllum; Nephrolepis-exaltata; Dieffenbachia- ID: Stereospermum-chelonoides BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Syngonium; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Nephrolepis; Oleandraceae; ferns; Pteridophyta CC: FF000 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0046-5437 UD: 950316 AN: 890354934 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 66 of 93 TI: Plant propagation using an aero-hydroponics system. AU: Soffer-H; Burger-DW AD: Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. SO: HortScience. 1989, 24: 1, 154; 1 fig.; 4 ref. PY: 1989 LA: English AB: Terminal stem cuttings of Ficus benjamina, dipped in 5000 mg K-IBA per litre, and terminal cuttings of the chrysanthemum cv. Bright Golden Anne, dipped in 3000 mg K-IBA per litre, were rooted in (1) the Ein Gedi System (EGS), an aero-hydroponic method (illustrated) which incorporates the advantages of both types of culture, with or without mist, (2) a mixture of 1 perlite:1 vermiculite, and (3) a mixture of 1 sand:1 peat:1 redwood [Sequoia sempervirens] bark. Rooting was best in EGS without mist; it was 95% for F. benjamina and 100% for the chrysanthemum; the figures for the solid media ranged from 0 to 50% for F. benjamina and 10-50% for the chrysanthemum. DE: cuttings-; rooting-; Chrysanthemums-; mists-; growing-media; Perlite-; utilization-; Vermiculite-; Sand-; Peat-; Bark-; treatment-; growth-regulators; IBA-; responses-; propagation-; ornamental-plants; Broadleaves-; Vegetative-propagation; shoot-cuttings; ornamental-herbaceous-plants; plant-growth-regulators OD: Ficus-benjamina; Chrysanthemum-; Ficus- RN: 1318-00-9; 133-32-4 BT: auxins; plant-growth-regulators; plants; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; ornamental-plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Compositae; Asterales CC: FF160; JJ900; FF060; FF100; FF000; KK110 CD: Plant-Propagation; Soil-Cultivation; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Plant-Production; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Silviculture PT: Journal-article IS: 0018-5345 UD: 950316 AN: 890355619 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 67 of 93 TI: Effects of temperature on growth of six foliage plants. AU: Mortensen-LM; Larsen-G AD: Department of Horticulture, Agricultural University of Norway, PO Box 22, 1432 As-NLH, Norway. SO: Scientia-Horticulturae. 1989, 39: 2, 149-159; 14 ref. PY: 1989 LA: English AB: The plants were grown at 21, 24, 27 or 32øC day or night temperatures in daylight phytotron compartments during summer. In Hedera helix the temperature optimum for DW production was reached at ó 21.0ø day or night. Dieffenbachia maculata, Epipremnum aureum [E. pinnatum] and Nephrolepis exaltata responded positively up to a temperature of 24-27ø day or night. Ficus benjamina and F. elastica had a high night temperature optimum (ò 32ø). The day optimum in F. benjamina was also high (ò 32ø), but F. elastica responded very little to day temperatures between 21 and 32ø. Increased DW was correlated to increased numbers and/or sizes of the leaves. Increasing the mean temperature by increasing either day or night temperature gave a generally similar effect on DW. Visually observed, the best plant quality followed the temperature optimum for DW production. Short-term measurement of photosynthesis in F. benjamina showed a much lower temperature optimum than the long-term growth experiment. CO2 enrichment between 21 and 33ø significantly increased net photosynthesis of the plants. DE: plant-; development-; temperature-; foliage-plants; Protected-cultivation; carbon-dioxide; responses-; growth-; photosynthesis-; environment-; leaves-; ornamental-plants; ornamental-woody-plants OD: Hedera-helix; Dieffenbachia-maculata; Epipremnum-pinnatum; Nephrolepis-exaltata; Ficus-benjamina; Ficus-elastica; Hedera-; Dieffenbachia-; Epipremnum-; Nephrolepis-; Ficus- ID: Nephrolepsis RN: 124-38-9 BT: plants; ornamental-plants; Spermatophyta; Hedera; Araliaceae; Apiales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Dieffenbachia; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Epipremnum; Nephrolepis; Oleandraceae; ferns; Pteridophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales CC: FF060; FF900 CD: Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Environmental-Tolerance-of-Plants PT: Journal-article IS: 0304-4238 UD: 950316 AN: 890356334 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 68 of 93 TI: A gauge to measure mass flow rate of sap in stems and trunks of woody plants. AU: Steinberg-S; Bavel-CHM-van; McFarland-MJ; Van-Bavel-CHM AD: Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1989, 114: 3, 466-472; 3 fig.; 24 ref. PY: 1989 LA: English AB: A stem flow gauge designed for herbaceous plants was adapted for measuring the absolute mass flow rate of sap in large stems and trunks of woody plants. The method uses a steady-state heat balance method in which a constant, known amount of heat is supplied to a stem segment. The axial and radial conductive heat fluxes away from the heated segment are measured, as well as the rise in sap temperature. The device can be operated by commonly available dataloggers and does not require calibration. In a greenhouse experiment with Ficus benjamina, the sap mass flow rate, as measured by the gauge, agreed with the measured transpiration rate within 4% when both were integrated over 24-h periods or longer. Short-term comparisons (ó 4 h) were less accurate, due to the changes in water content of the tree above the gauge, which cause a lag between transpiration rate and sap flow rate. The dynamic response of the tree and gauge system to sudden changes in sap flow was about 20 minutes under midday conditions. Other than the insertion of temperature-sensing thermocouples 2 mm into the trunk, the gauge components are non-invasive and do not disturb the plant physically or physiologically to a significant extent. DE: translocation-; measurement-; Woody-plants; Techniques-; Flow-; sap-; trees-; gauges-; sap-flow; Broadleaves-; methodology-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Ficus- BT: Spermatophyta; plants; woody-plants; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales CC: ZZ900; FF060; NN900; KK100 CD: Techniques-and-Methodology; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Other-Equipment; Forestry-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0003-1062 UD: 950316 AN: 890356711 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 69 of 93 TI: Fertilization of several foliage plants. AU: Poole-RT; Conover-CA AD: University of Florida, IFAS, Central Florida Research and Education Center, Apopka, FL 32703, USA. SO: Proceedings-of-the-Interamerican-Society-for-Tropical-Horticulture. 1987, 31: 35-41; 35th Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, USA, 6-12 Nov. 1987.; 1 ref. PY: 1987 LA: English LS: Spanish AB: Optimal fertilization rates were determined for several tropical foliage plants using a 19-2.6-10 (N-P-K) fertilizer. For Dracaena deremensis cv. Janet Craig the best rate was 28 g/20-cm pot; for Ficus benjamina cv. Nuda 80 g/30-cm pot; for Radermachia [Radermachera] sinica 12 g/15-cm pot; for Xanthosoma lindenii 6.6 g/15-cm pot; and for Dracaena reflexa cv. Pleomele 9.7 g/20-cm pot. DE: fertilizers-; nitrogen-; phosphorus-; potassium-; foliage-plants; Ornamental-plants; NPK-fertilizers; responses- OD: Dracaena-deremensis; Ficus-benjamina ID: Interamerican-Society-for-Tropical-Horticulture; Radermachera-sinica; Xanthosoma-lindenii; Dracaena-reflexa RN: 7727-37-9; 7723-14-0; 7440-09-7 BT: plants; compound-fertilizers; fertilizers; Dracaena; Agavaceae; Liliales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons CC: JJ700; FF000 CD: Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0254-2528 UD: 950316 AN: 890393614 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 70 of 93 TI: Studies on plant propagation using the aero-hydroponic method. AU: Soffer-H; Burger-DW AD: Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan 50 250, Israel. SO: Acta-Horticulturae. 1988, No. 230, 261-269; 2 fig., Symposium on High Technology in Protected Cultivation, Hamamatsu, Japan, 12-15 May, 1988; 20 ref. PY: 1988 LA: English AB: Experiments were carried out to compare rooting in aero-hydroponics and conventional media with or without overhead misting. Rooting percentage, number of roots/cutting and total root length of Ficus benjamina and chrysanthemum (cv. Bright Golden Anne) were greater in aero-hydroponics than in 2 solid media. Rooting percentage of Ficus, number of roots, and root length were greater without mist than under mist in aero-hydroponics while the converse was true for perlite-vermiculite. In another trial, cuttings of F. benjamina and chrysanthemum were rooted in aero-hydroponics to study the effect of dissolved O2 concentrations in the range 8 mg/litre (ambient saturation) to 0 mg/litre. The results indicated that dissolved O2 is essential to root formation and root growth. Oxygen affected the timing of rooting, rooting percentage, number of roots, and root length. Based on the rooting performance of the immersed segment of cuttings in stirred and unstirred units, it was apparent that the dissolved O2 concentration of greatest physiological interest is at the interface between the cutting's stem surface and the water. A 60-fold increase in ethylene content in the stem of chrysanthemum held in aero-hydroponics was observed under anoxic conditions during the 8-12 days necessary for adventitious root formation. Ethylene content was highest in the immersed portion of the cuttings, but there was substantial ethylene produced by anoxic, misted portions of the cutting above the liquid. High concentrations of ethylene in anoxic cuttings may have beneficial and/or detrimental effects of practical importance in horticultural propagation. Oxygenation of the medium may reduce adverse effects of ethylene on the cuttings. DE: cuttings-; rooting-; oxygen-; mists-; Chrysanthemums-; ornamental-plants; growing-media; Soilless-culture; systems-; hydroponics-; responses-; Perlite-; utilization-; Vermiculite-; Growth-regulators; ethylene-; metabolism-; ornamental-herbaceous-plants; plant-growth-regulators OD: Ficus-benjamina; Dendranthema- ID: High-technology-in-protected-cultivation RN: 7782-44-7; 1318-00-9; 74-85-1 BT: plants; ornamental-plants; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Compositae; Asterales CC: FF160; JJ900; FF100; FF060 CD: Plant-Propagation; Soil-Cultivation; Plant-Production; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 UD: 950316 AN: 890393852 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 71 of 93 TI: Isolation and identification of male medfly attractive components in Litchi chinensis stems and Ficus spp. stem exudates. AU: Warthen-JD Jr.; McInnis-DO AD: Insect Chem. Ecology Lab., ARS, USDA, PSI, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. SO: Journal-of-Chemical-Ecology. 1989, 15: 6, 1931-1946; 40 ref. PY: 1989 LA: English AB: Short-range attraction and feeding stimulation of males of the tephritid Ceratitis capitata to a stem extract of Litchi chinensis (a food plant) and to exudates from stems of Ficus retusa and F. benjamina were attributed to the presence of the sesquiterpene alpha-copaene. It is suggested that the presence of alpha-copaene in exudate from stems of F. benghalensis elicits similar behavioural responses. The presence of minor quantities of alpha-ylangene in plants and its contributory effects to the behavioural response is discussed. Short-range attraction and feeding stimulation of males to equal amounts of alpha-copaene samples from alpha-copaene-enriched angelica seed oil and copaiba oil showed no difference in intensity. alpha-Ylangene elicited a slightly less intense response than alpha-copaene. DE: Insect-pests; plant-extracts; attractants-; extracts-; plant-; composition-; Insect-attractants; sources-; fruits-; fruit-crops; pesticidal-plants; subtropical-fruits; agricultural-entomology OD: Tephritidae-; Diptera-; Ceratitis-capitata; Litchi-chinensis; Ficus-retusa; Ficus-benjamina; Ficus-benghalensis; Litchi-; Ficus- BT: arthropod-pests; pests; animals; arthropods; invertebrates; insects; plants; Diptera; Ceratitis; Tephritidae; Litchi; Sapindaceae; Sapindales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales CC: FF600; FF040; HH500 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Plant-Composition; Repellents-and-Attractants PT: Journal-article IS: 0098-0331 UD: 950316 AN: 891134102 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 72 of 93 TI: Effect of fertilization level on some physiological, morphological and growth characteristics of Ficus benjamina. AU: Ceulemans-R; Gabriels-R; Impens-I AD: Dep. Biol., Univ. Antwerpen, UIA, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. SO: Physiologia-Plantarum. 1983, 59: 2, 253-256; 12 ref. PY: 1983 LA: English DE: Plant-physiology; Plant-morphology; Fertilizers-; responses-; broadleaves- OD: Ficus-benjamina ID: fertilizer-requirement BT: dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales CC: KK110; JJ700; FF030; FF000; KK100; FF060; KK120 CD: Silviculture; Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments; Plant-Morphology-and-Structure; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Forestry-General; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Forest-Mensuration-and-Management PT: Journal-article IS: 0031-9317 UD: 950316 AN: 870619815 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 73 of 93 TI: Response of potted plants of tropical origin to changes in the night temperature regime. AU: Zieslin-N; Khayat-E; Yogev-S AD: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel. SO: Scientia-Horticulturae. 1987, 33: 3-4, 299-305; 14 ref. PY: 1987 LA: English AB: Growth of 1-year-old plants of Ficus benjamina cultivars Golden Princess and Starlight (but not of young Starlight plants) was inhibited when they were grown at a constant night temperature of 12øC compared with a constant 18ø. Exposure of plants to alternating night temperatures (18/12ø) promoted growth of the young Starlight plants, but did not affect the older plants of either cv., compared with plants grown at constant 18ø. Growth and branching (number of lateral shoots) of the Codiaeum variegatum var. pictum cv. Petra were promoted by exposure to an alternating night temperature regime relative to a constant temperature of 18ø. Growth of C. variegatum var. pictum cv. Norma was promoted under such conditions only when the plants were decapitated. Alternating temperature caused an increase in the number of lateral shoots of Peperomia caperata and Pilea cadierei, although P. caperata variegata was not affected. The growth of Chrysalidocarpus lutescens was not affected by alternating night temperatures, compared with a higher constant temperature. Stem length, FW and development of lateral shoots, but not new leaves of Dieffenbachia were suppressed by exposure to an alternating temperature regime compared with a constant higher night temperature. DE: protected-cultivation; temperature-; pot-plants; responses-; growth-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Codiaeum-variegatum; Pilea-cadierei; Chrysalidocarpus-lutescens; Dieffenbachia-; Ficus-; Codiaeum-; Peperomia-; Pilea-; Chrysalidocarpus- GE: Israel- ID: Peperomia-caperata BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Codiaeum; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales; Pilea; Urticaceae; Chrysalidocarpus; Palmae; Arecales; monocotyledons; Araceae; Arales; Piperaceae; Piperales; Middle-East; Mediterranean-Countries; West-Asia; Asia CC: FF000; FF060; FF900 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Environmental-Tolerance-of-Plants PT: Journal-article IS: 0304-4238 UD: 950316 AN: 880348799 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 74 of 93 TI: Differential response of foliage plants to iron deficiency. AU: Lang-HJ; Reed-DW AD: Dep. Hort. Sci., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843, USA. SO: Journal-of-Plant-Nutrition. 1987, 10: 8, 951-959; 2 fig., 1 tab.; 15 refs. PY: 1987 LA: English AB: Eight species of tropical foliage plants were screened to determine their response to Fe-stress conditions. Plants were grown for 120 days in modified Hoagland's nutrient solution at pH 6.3 containing either 0, 0.22 or 5.52 mg/liter Fe (as Fe3+-HEEDTA). Araucaria heterophylla and Dracaena marginata showed leaf chlorosis and decreased growth at 0 and 0.22 mg/liter Fe. Ficus benjamina and Nephrolepis exaltata 'Bostoniensis' showed little or no chlorosis or growth differences at either 0 or 0.22 mg/liter Fe. Over a 3 week period F. benjamina and N. exaltata 'Bostoniensis' decreased nutrient solution pH approximately 1 to 1.5 units lower than either D. marginata or A. heterophylla at all Fe levels. Codiaeum variegatum var. pictum, Dieffenbachia maculata 'Camille', Epipremnum aureum, and Philodendron scandens subsp. oxycardium were intermediate in growth, chlorosis and lowering of the nutrient solution pH. One explanation for the differential Fe response between these species may be their ability to lower pH of the rhizosphere. DE: Ornamental-plants; iron-; deficiency-; varietal-reactions; nutrition-; foliage-plants OD: Araucaria-heterophylla; Dracaena-marginata; Dieffenbachia-maculata; Codiaeum-variegatum; Epipremnum-pinnatum; Ficus-benjamina; Nephrolepis-exaltata; Philodendron-scandens RN: 7439-89-6 BT: plants; Araucaria; Araucariaceae; Coniferae; gymnosperms; Spermatophyta; Dracaena; Agavaceae; Liliales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Dieffenbachia; Araceae; Arales; Codiaeum; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales; dicotyledons; Epipremnum; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Nephrolepis; Oleandraceae; ferns; Pteridophyta; Philodendron CC: FF000; FF700; FF061 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Plant-Disorders-and-Injuries-Not-caused-directly-by-Organisms; Plant-Nutrition PT: Journal-article IS: 0190-4167 UD: 950316 AN: 881918650 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 75 of 93 TI: Effects of dissolved oxygen concentrations in aero-hydroponics on the formation and growth of adventitious roots. AU: Soffer-H; Burger-DW AD: Univ. California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1988, 113: 2, 218-221; 3 fig.; 14 ref. PY: 1988 LA: English AB: Cuttings of Ficus benjamina and several chrysanthemum cultivars were rooted in aero-hydroponic culture to study the effect of dissolved O2 concentrations in the range 8 mg/litre (ambient saturation) to 0 mg/litre. The results indicated that dissolved O2 is essential for root formation and root growth. Woody (Ficus) and herbaceous (chrysanthemum) cuttings responded similarly. Lowering the dissolved O2 concentration increased the time required to form adventitious roots, and reduced the rooting percentages, numbers of roots formed per cutting, and average root length. Comparisons between stirred and unstirred water suggested the development of an area of depleted O2 concentration (boundary layer) at the stem-water interface on cuttings immersed in unstirred water. Cuttings in water stirred constantly rooted sooner and formed more roots than did those in unstirred water. Maximum rooting occurred in misted (high dissolved O2 concentrations) sections of cuttings suspended in the aero-hydroponic chambers. DE: cuttings-; rooting-; aeration-; Chrysanthemums-; ornamental-plants; ornamental-herbaceous-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina ID: mist BT: plants; ornamental-plants; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms CC: FF160 CD: Plant-Propagation PT: Journal-article IS: 0003-1062 UD: 950316 AN: 880350274 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 76 of 93 TI: Evaluation of antitranspirants for cold protection in the nursery. AU: Fitzpatrick-G; Griffith-L; Maus-WL AD: Fort Lauderdale Res. & Educ. Center, Univ. Florida, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33314, USA. SO: Proceedings-of-the-Florida-State-Horticultural-Society. 1986, publ. 1987, 99: 258-260; 5 ref. PY: 1986 LA: English AB: Three commercial antitranspirants, Envy, Folicote and Vapor Gard, were evaluated at various concentrations on 7 container-grown ornamental species: Dracaena marginata, Cocos nucifera, Ficus benjamina, Brassaia actinophylla [Schefflera actinophylla], Ixora chinensis, Jasminum volubile and Chrysalidocarpus lutescens. All plants were in 10-inch-diameter containers in nursery plots in the open. The compounds were applied on 18 Dec. 1985 and, for some plants, again on 27 Jan. 1986, and their efficacy was evaluated on 17 Jan. and 20 Feb. by assessing plants visually for salable quality. On 2 dates, 26 Dec. and 28 Jan., the minimum air temperature approached but did not reach freezing point; daily minimum and maximum temperatures are shown for Dec.-Feb. For C. lutescens, C. nucifera, B. actinophylla and J. volubile no significant differences in quality grading could be attributed to the spray treatments. Some differences, but not consistent ones, were observed for the other species with regard to Vapor Gard and Folicote at certain concentrations. Further research into possible phytotoxic effects is advised before recommending antitranspirants for cold protection. DE: cold-zones; protection-; cultural-methods; containers-; Coconuts-; container-grown-plants; Antitranspirants-; responses-; nurseries-; Ornamental-plants; cold-injury; Plant-disorders; ornamental-woody-plants OD: Dracaena-marginata; Ficus-benjamina; Schefflera-actinophylla; Jasminum-volubile; Chrysalidocarpus-lutescens; Cocos-nucifera GE: USA-; Florida- ID: Florida-State-Horticultural-Society; Ixora-chinensis BT: plants; ornamental-plants; Spermatophyta; Dracaena; Agavaceae; Liliales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; Schefflera; Araliaceae; Apiales; Jasminum; Oleaceae; Scrophulariales; Chrysalidocarpus; Palmae; Arecales; Cocos; North-America; America; South-Atlantic-States-of-USA; Southern-States-of-USA; USA; Gulf-States-of-USA; Southeastern-States-of-USA CC: FF100; NN000; VV000; FF000 CD: Plant-Production; Engineering-and-Safety; Human-Health-and-Hygiene-General; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0886-7283 UD: 950316 AN: 880350355 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 77 of 93 TI: Notes on the Tricentrus fulgidus group injuring Ficus spp. from China (Homoptera: Membracidae). AU: Yuan-F; Chou-I; Cui-ZX AD: Northwestern Agric. Univ., China. SO: Entomotaxonomia. 1986, 8: 4, 281-289; 3 fig.; 4 ref. PY: 1986 LA: Chinese LS: English AB: Descriptions are given of the previously undescribed male of Tricentrus fulgidus and of the males and females of T. neofulgidus sp. n. (described by the 1st and 3rd authors) and T. gargaraformae sp. n. (described by the 2nd and 1st authors) collected in Yunnan, China. Ficus altissima and F. benjamina are host plants of T. fulgidus, Ficus spp. and Streblus asper of T. neofulgidus and F. altissima and Vernicia fordii of T. gargaraformae. The geographic distribution of each species is described. A key is provided for the T. fulgidus group in which all 3 species are placed. DE: Distribution-; anatomy-; taxonomy-; new-species; food-plants; Keys-; fruits-; fruit-crops; agricultural-entomology OD: Hemiptera-; Ficus-; Ficus-benjamina; arthropods- GE: China-; Yunnan- ID: Tricentrus-fulgidus; Tricentrus-neofulgidus; Tricentrus-gargaraformae; Streblus-asper; Vernicia-fordii; Tricentrus-fulgidus-group; Ficus-altissima; Tricentrus BT: insects; arthropods; invertebrates; animals; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Ficus; East-Asia; Asia; South-Western-China; China CC: FF600; ZZ380 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Taxonomy-and-Evolution PT: Journal-article IS: 1000-7482 UD: 950316 AN: 881106121 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 78 of 93 TI: Effect of nitrogen fertilization on the growth of Ficus nitida, Thunb. and Hort. transplants and consumption of carbon dioxide from polluted atmosphere. AU: Koriesh-EM; Helmy-AM AD: Suez Canal Univ., Egypt. SO: Annals-of-Agricultural-Science,-Moshtohor. 1986, 24: 1, 437-446; 8 ref. PY: 1986 LA: English LS: Arabic AB: In studies over 2 successive seasons with 1-year-old F. nitida [F. benjamina] trees growing in 25-cm clay pots, N was applied at 0-3.5 g/pot five times at 2-monthly intervals between Sep. and May. Some trees were held in glass containers with 0.03% CO2. Trees receiving N at 1-2 g/pot were tallest whereas those receiving 2.5 g/pot produced the greatest number of leaves. N had no effect on leaf area. In the study in the encolosed atmosphere, N enhanced CO2 uptake, which rose with N rate to 81.9 ml/1000 leaves at 2.5 g N/pot and then declined, being 45.7 ml/1000 leaves in the control. The efficiency of the trees in reducing CO2 level in a polluted urban atmosphere is briefly discussed. DE: nutrition-; nitrogen-; utilization-; protective-plants; pollution-; carbon-dioxide; Photosynthesis-; ornamental-plants; ornamental-woody-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Ficus- RN: 7727-37-9; 124-38-9 BT: plants; ornamental-plants; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms CC: FF060; FF061; PP600 CD: Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Plant-Nutrition; Pollution-and-Degradation PT: Journal-article UD: 950316 AN: 880350827 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 79 of 93 TI: On the population dynamics of Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret) and its parasite Habrolepis aspidioti Compare & Annecke in Egypt (Homoptera: Diaspididae; Hymenoptera; Encyrtidae). AU: Hassanein-FA; Hamed-AR AD: Plant Protection Res. Inst., Dokki, Giza, Egypt. SO: Bulletin-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-Egypt,-Economic-Series. 1984-1985, publ. 1986, 14: 63-72; 3 fig.; 8 ref. PY: 1984 LA: English AB: Hemiberlesia lataniae, sampled on fig, olive and Ficus nitida [F. benjamina] in 1981-82, was a common pest in the Nile Delta, Egypt. Three peaks of abundance occurred at 2 monthly intervals from mid-April 1981, and a 4th in mid-December. The encyrtid parasitoid Habrolepis aspidioti was the only significant natural enemy and reached peak abundance in mid-June 1981, parasitizing 58% of scales. DE: Natural-enemies; fruits-; Figs-; Olives-; orchards-; habitats-; parasitoids-; hosts-; ecology-; population-dynamics; fruit-crops; biology-; agricultural-entomology OD: Hemiptera-; Hemiberlesia-lataniae; Ficus-benjamina; arthropods-; Ficus-; Olea-europaea GE: Egypt- ID: Habrolepis-aspidioti BT: insects; arthropods; invertebrates; animals; Hemiberlesia; Diaspididae; Coccoidea; Sternorrhyncha; Homoptera; Hemiptera; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; plants; Olea; Oleaceae; Scrophulariales; North-Africa; Africa; Mediterranean-Countries; Middle-East CC: FF600; HH100 CD: Pests,-Pathogens-and-Biogenic-Diseases-of-Plants; Biological-Control PT: Journal-article IS: 0081-0991 UD: 950316 AN: 881104674 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 80 of 93 TI: Influence of light and heated medium on rooting and shoot growth of two foliage plant species. AU: Wang-YT AD: Texas A&M Univ. Agric. Res. & Extension Center, Weslaco, TX 78596, USA. SO: HortScience. 1988, 23: 2, 346-347; 11 ref. PY: 1988 LA: English AB: Ficus benjamina and Codiaeum variegatum cv. Gold Dust stem tip cuttings were rooted in a mist bed at 290 or 90 mumol s-1 m-2 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) with or without bottom heat (28ø ñ 1øC) and then potted. Number of roots in C. variegatum was unaffected by either PPF or medium heating; however, both factors enhanced root elongation. Forty days after potting, cuttings rooted under 290 mumol s-1 m-2 had more lateral shoots than those rooted under 90 mumol s-1 m-2 PPF. Although cuttings rooted in heated medium under the lower PPF had roots more than twice as long as those on cuttings rooted in unheated medium under the high PPF, the treatments had little effect on subsequent shoot growth. F. benjamina rooting was improved in heated medium and was not affected by PPF. Unheated cuttings rooted better under high than low PPF. Shoot growth 10 weeks after transplanting was unaffected by the initial differences in root grade. DE: cuttings-; treatment-; light-; foliage-plants; heat-; Growing-media; temperature-; Shoots-; development-; cultural-methods; light-intensity; responses-; rooting-; roots-; Growth-; environment-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina; Codiaeum-variegatum; Ficus-; Codiaeum- BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Codiaeum; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales CC: JJ900; FF160; FF060 CD: Soil-Cultivation; Plant-Propagation; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry PT: Journal-article IS: 0018-5345 UD: 950316 AN: 880351244 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 81 of 93 TI: Composted agricultural wastes as potting media for ornamental plants. AU: Chen-Y; Inbar-Y; Hadar-Y AD: Seagram Cent. Soil and Water Sci., Fac. Agric., Hebrew Univ. Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel. SO: Soil-Science. 1988, 145: 4, 298-303; 1 fig., 4 tab.; 17 ref. PY: 1988 LA: English AB: Scarcity and the rising costs of peat initiated a search for substitutes. The solids of separated cattle manure and grape marc, which are common agricultural wastes, were composted and studied for their performance as potting media for Ficus benjamina cv. Starlight. The composts were used in 1:1 (vol/vol) mixtures with peat moss or as a sole component of the potting medium and were compared with peat and peat + 20% vermiculite. Plant growth was enhanced and several important horticultural parameters, such as dry weight, stem diameter, height and leaf colour, were improved in plants grown on compost-containing media. Physical and chemical properties of the media and composition of the plant material were determined. It was concluded that both composted separated cattle manure and composted grape marc were high-quality substitutes for peat. DE: Growing-media; composts-; cattle-manure; ornamental-plants; grape-marc; cultural-methods; pot-plants; characteristics-; Farmyard-manure; utilization-; Grapes-; processing-; residues- OD: Ficus-benjamina; Vitis- BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Vitidaceae; Rhamnales CC: JJ900; JJ700; FF000; FF100 CD: Soil-Cultivation; Fertilizers-and-other-Amendments; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Plant-Production PT: Journal-article IS: 0038-075X UD: 950316 AN: 881924773 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 82 of 93 TI: Keeping quality of various genotypes of Ficus benjamina after simulated dark shipping and storage indoors. AU: Ottosen-CO; Hoyer-L AD: Inst. Glasshouse Crops, Res. Centre for Hort., 5792 Aarslev, Denmark. SO: HortScience. 1988, 23: 3, I, 586-587; 11 ref. PY: 1988 LA: English AB: Up to 42% difference was found in leaf abscission of some selected fast-growing clones of F. benjamina after simulated transport of pot plants in darkness followed by low irradiance conditions in a simulated interior environment. Clones that grew fast under low irradiance conditions also had superior keeping quality. This suggests a possibility of selecting genotypes with both fast growth and good keeping quality. DE: cultivars-; transport-; Pot-plants; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina GE: Denmark- BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Scandinavia; Northern-Europe; Europe CC: FF000 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0018-5345 UD: 950316 AN: 880351960 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 83 of 93 TI: Experiments with high temperatures for foliage plants. OT: Forsok med hoye temperaturer til gronnplanter. AU: Larsen-G; Mortensen-LM AD: Norges Landbrukshogskole, 1432 As, Norway. SO: Gartneryrket. 1987, 77: 28, 643; 2 pl. PY: 1987 LA: Norwegian AB: The effect of raising foliage plant species at higher than usual day and night temperatures and RH levels was studied with a view to shortening the culture time. The plants were grown at 21, 24, 27 or 32øC and 60-90% RH. Optimum temperatures for growth were as follows: 21ø or lower for Hedera helix and Nematanthus radicans [N. gregarius]; 24-27ø for Dieffenbachia maculata, Epipremnum aureum [E. pinnatum], Kalanchoe blossfeldiana and Nephrolepis exaltata; and 32ø or higher for Ficus benjamina and F. elastica. The economics of using higher glasshouse temperatures and the effect on growth habit and disease prevalence [unspecified] are discussed, together with the effect on working conditions. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Protected-cultivation; temperature-; foliage-plants; humidity-; economics-; responses-; growth-; ornamental-plants OD: Hedera-helix; Nematanthus-gregarius; Dieffenbachia-maculata; Epipremnum-pinnatum; Kalanchoe-blossfeldiana; Nephrolepis-exaltata; Ficus-benjamina; Ficus-elastica GE: Norway- BT: plants; Hedera; Araliaceae; Apiales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Nematanthus; Gesneriaceae; Scrophulariales; Dieffenbachia; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Epipremnum; Kalanchoe; Crassulaceae; Rosales; Nephrolepis; Oleandraceae; ferns; Pteridophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Scandinavia; Northern-Europe; Europe CC: FF000; EE100 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Economics-General PT: Journal-article IS: 0046-5437 UD: 950316 AN: 880352110 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 84 of 93 TI: Influence of the pH level on the growth of ornamental plants. OT: Invloed van het pH-niveau op de groei van sierplanten. AU: Beel-E; Schelstraete-A AD: Proefstation voor de Tuinbouw, B.V.O., 9200 Wetteren, Belgium. SO: Verbondsnieuws-voor-de-Belgische-Sierteelt. 1987, 31: 14, 837...843; 2 pl. PY: 1987 LA: Dutch AB: Data are presented from glasshouse trials with pot-grown Dieffenbachia sp. cv. Camilla and Ficus benjamina on the effects, on nutrient uptake and plant quality, of different pH levels in the peat substrate. Levels of 3.5-4.5, 4.5-5.5 or 5.5-6.5 were achieved by adding CaCO3 at 0, 2.5 or 5.0 g/litre substrate, respectively. The effects of the different treatments were slight, but plants tended to be shortest at the lowest pH, and increasing pH tended to be associated with greater salts concentration in the substrate. Growth of both test plants was best at pH levels between 4.5 and 6.0. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Growing-media; pH-; ornamental-plants OD: Dieffenbachia-; Ficus-benjamina GE: Belgium- BT: plants; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; Western-Europe; Europe CC: JJ900 CD: Soil-Cultivation PT: Journal-article IS: 0771-3851 UD: 950316 AN: 880352179 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 85 of 93 TI: Substrates for greenhouse plants cultivated with several irrigation systems. AU: Beel-E AD: Hort. Res. Sta., Stookte, 1, 9200 Wetteren, Belgium. SO: Acta-Horticulturae. 1988, No. 221, 315-326; 4 ref. PY: 1988 LA: English AB: Three substrates were tested with 3 different irrigation systems. The substrates were (1) 40:60 black peat:white peat, (2) 80% of substrate (1) + 20% rockwool, and (3) 80% of substrate (1) + 20% Styropor. The irrigation systems were (a) NFT, (b) flux and reflux and (c) trickle irrigation. The experimental plants were Monstera deliciosa, Dieffenbachia cv. Camilla, Calathea makoyana and Ficus benjamina. Salt concentration in (3) was about 10% lower than in (1) and (2). The pH of (2) was 5.6 compared with 4.75 in (1) and (3). There was a positive interaction between salt concentration and the amount of NO3-N in the pure peat substrate (1). M. deliciosa and Dieffenbachia grew best in (1), F. benjamina grew best in (3), and no marked difference was noted in C. makoyana. It was not possible to assess the effects of the irrigation systems. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Growing-media; composition-; foliage-plants; Irrigation-; systems-; Soilless-culture; Protected-cultivation; nutrient-film-techniques; Rockwool-; utilization-; Peat-; irrigation-systems; greenhouse-culture; ornamental-plants OD: Monstera-deliciosa; Dieffenbachia-; Calathea-makoyana; Ficus-benjamina ID: Horticultural-substrates-and-their-analysis BT: plants; Monstera; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Calathea; Marantaceae; Zingiberales; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons CC: FF040; JJ900; FF100; FF150; FF000; JJ800 CD: Plant-Composition; Soil-Cultivation; Plant-Production; Plant-Cropping-Systems; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Soil-Water-Management PT: Conference-paper; Journal-article IS: 0567-7572 UD: 950316 AN: 880352370 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 86 of 93 TI: Stomate-dependent and stomate-independent uptake of NOx and effects on photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration of potted plants. AU: Saxe-H; Hutchinson-TC (ed.); Meema-KM AD: Inst. Plant Physiology and Anatomy, Royal Vet. Agric. Univ., Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. SO: Effects-of-atmospheric-pollutants-on-forests,-wetlands-and-agricultural-ecosystems-NATO-ASI-Series-G:-Ecological-Sciences,-Vol.-16. 1987, 463-479; 3 fig., 5 tab.; 20 ref. PB: Springer-Verlag; Berlin; German Federal Republic PY: 1987 LA: English AB: Cultivars of Ficus elastica, F. benjamina, Hedera helix, H. canariensis [H. helix subsp. canariensis], Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Dieffenbachia maculata and Nephrolepis exaltata (grown as potted plants in Denmark) were exposed to CO2, NO and NO2, alone and in certain combinations, in a controlled environment chamber. CO2 stimulated net photosynthesis (P) and dark respiration (R) while reducing transpiration (T). NO reduced P and T but did not affect R. NO2 had little effect. Effects on P and T were reversible and had independent mechanisms, while effects on T were nonreversible. NO2 uptake was related to T, i.e. open stomates, while NO uptake was not. Relative to uptake, NO was 22 times more toxic than NO2. The role of stomates in regulating NO uptake is discussed. Sensitivity of cultivars to the N gases was not correlated with uptake. Short-term effects of CO2 + NO on P reflected known long-term effects on dry weight. DE: Ornamental-plants; nitrogen-dioxide; metabolism-; Pollutants-; Photosynthesis-; Respiration-; Evapotranspiration-; nitric-oxide; pollution-; nitrogen-oxides; pot-plants; toxicity-; absorption-; Carbon-dioxide; responses-; Transpiration-; Stomata-; plant-physiology OD: Ficus-elastica; Ficus-benjamina; Hedera-helix; Hibiscus-rosa-sinensis; Dieffenbachia-maculata; Nephrolepis-exaltata ID: Atmospheric-Pollutants-on-Forests,-Wetlands-and-Agricultural-Ecosystems RN: 10102-44-0; 10102-43-9; 124-38-9 BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Hedera; Araliaceae; Apiales; Hibiscus; Malvaceae; Malvales; Dieffenbachia; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Nephrolepis; Oleandraceae; ferns; Pteridophyta CC: PP600; ZZ400; FF000; FF060; FF062 CD: Pollution-and-Degradation; Environmental-Sciences-General; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Plant-Water-Relations PT: Conference-paper IB: 3-540-16084-1\0-387-16084-1 UD: 950316 AN: 881926985 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 87 of 93 TI: Interior performance of three foliage plant species treated with paclobutrazol. AU: Davis-TD AD: Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA. SO: Applied-Agricultural-Research. 1987, 2: 2, 120-123; 2 pl.; 15 ref. PY: 1987 LA: English AB: Plectranthus australis [P. parviflorus],Zebrina pendula and Ficus benjamina plants were treated with soil-applied paclobutrazol and either transferred directly to a low-light (15 æE m-2 s-1 PAR) interior environment or maintained in a greenhouse for 2 months prior to transfer to low light. In general, treated plants that were transferred immediately to low light lost a similar number of leaves as untreated controls and had a similar overall interior performance. Treated plants which were maintained in the greenhouse for 2 months prior to transfer exhibited considerably less shoot elongation than controls. When transferred to low light, paclobutrazol-treated plants lost fewer leaves, had shorter internode length, and had an overall better appearance than untreated controls, which were weak and spindly. Paclobutrazol-treated plants exhibited no symptoms of phytotoxicity, although severe stunting and some leaf curling and cupping were observed at the highest rate of application (250 æg/10-cm pot) with P. australis. The results indicate that paclobutrazol may be useful in maintaining foliage plant quality and improving interior performance under low light by controlling excessive shoot elongation, shortening internode length, and reducing leaf abscission. DE: growth-regulators; paclobutrazol-; responses-; foliage-plants; Light-; light-intensity; cultural-methods; pot-plants; leaves-; internodes-; abscission-; ornamental-plants; plant-growth-regulators; growth-inhibitors OD: Plectranthus-parviflorus; Zebrina-pendula; Ficus-benjamina RN: 76738-62-0 BT: growth-retardants; plant-growth-regulators; plants; Plectranthus; Labiatae; Lamiales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Zebrina; Commelinaceae; Commelinales; monocotyledons; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales CC: FF000; FF100; FF060 CD: Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Plant-Production; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry PT: Journal-article IS: 0179-0374 UD: 950316 AN: 880391332 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 88 of 93 TI: Ethylene-induced defoliation in Ficus species and ethylene depletion by soil bacteria in peat-amended media and in vitro. AU: Turner-MA; Reed-DW; Morgan-DL AD: Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. SO: Journal-of-the-American-Society-for-Horticultural-Science. 1988, 113: 5, 794-796; 17 ref. PY: 1988 LA: English AB: F. benjamina and F. stricta were exposed to various concentrations of ethylene gas and ethephon to determine their sensitivity to defoliation. F. stricta was more sensitive to ethephon, whereas F. benjamina was more sensitive to ethylene gas. When plants growing in a peat:perlite medium were exposed to ethylene gas, ethylene was depleted from the ambient atmosphere. Double-autoclaving the growing medium prevented ethylene depletion, indicating soil microbes as the cause of depletion. Bacterial isolates from the medium depleted ethylene in vitro; fungal isolates did not deplete ethylene. The 8 species of bacteria isolated into pure culture depleted 9-46% of the ethylene from the flask atmosphere over 5 days, with 2 Enterobacter spp. and one Pseudomonas sp. being the most effective depleters. Further studies are necessary to ascertain whether microbial assistance could be of practical use in closed transport. DE: Soilless-culture; leaves-; drop-; growth-regulators; ethylene-; responses-; ethephon-; Peat-; utilization-; growing-media; Perlite-; microorganisms-; populations-; soil-; Abscission-; defoliation-; depletion-; ornamental-plants; plant-growth-regulators OD: Ficus-; Ficus-benjamina; Bacteria-; Enterobacter-; Pseudomonas- ID: Ficus-stricta; Growth-regulators-ethylene RN: 74-85-1; 16672-87-0 BT: ethylene-releasers; plant-growth-regulators; plants; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Ficus; prokaryotes; Enterobacteriaceae; Gracilicutes; bacteria; Pseudomonadaceae CC: JJ900; FF100; FF060; FF040; FF030; FF000; JJ100 CD: Soil-Cultivation; Plant-Production; Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Plant-Composition; Plant-Morphology-and-Structure; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Soil-Biology PT: Journal-article IS: 0003-1062 UD: 950316 AN: 880353493 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 89 of 93 TI: Response of foliage plants to commercial interior paints. AU: Poole-RT; Conover-CA AD: Agricultural and Education Center, Apopka, FL 32703, USA. SO: Foliage-Digest. 1987, 10: 1, 4-5. PY: 1987 LA: English AB: Numerous species were exposed in enclosed rooms to paints containing Hg. Only Dieffenbachia and especially Ficus benjamina were affected by Hg released from the paint surface as vapour. The symptoms were a severe leaf drop. In Ficus, after leaf drop, new leaves appeared but these too soon dropped off. DE: Foliage-plants; pollution-; paints-; mercury-; toxicity-; Pot-plants; ornamental-plants OD: Dieffenbachia-; Ficus-benjamina GE: USA-; Florida- RN: 7439-97-6 BT: plants; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; North-America; America; South-Atlantic-States-of-USA; Southern-States-of-USA; USA; Gulf-States-of-USA; Southeastern-States-of-USA CC: PP600; NN300 CD: Pollution-and-Degradation; Farm-and-Horticultural-Structures PT: Journal-article IS: 0740-2694 UD: 950315 AN: 870342940 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 90 of 93 TI: Carbon fertilization of potted plants. OT: La fertilisation carbonee des plantes en pot. AU: Granger-J; Laury-JC AD: Station CNIH du Val de Loire, 70 Boulevard Lavoisier, 49000 Angers, France. SO: Horticulture-Francaise. 1987, No. 192, 7-11; 4 pl., 4 fig. PY: 1987 LA: French AB: CO2 enrichment trials with several ornamental species were carried out over the end of autumn to the beginning of winter, and over the end of winter to the beginning of spring. For all species, CO2 enrichment (800-1000 p.p.m.) was more efficient in winter. Compared with non-enriched controls Fatshedera lizei and Dieffenbachia cv. Compacta were 43 and 61% taller, respectively; Ficus benjamina had 35% and Dieffenbachia 80% more leaves; Fuchsia cv. Madame Riolon gave 21% and Pelargonium zonale cv. Topscore 39% more cuttings/mother plant; and Saintpaulia (cultivars 19 and 386) had 65% more flowers and were 8 days earlier. Smaller effects were noted with Nephrolepis cv. Teddy Junior (9% taller) and Rieger begonia (10% taller, 4 days earlier and 13% more flowers). Poinsettia (cultivars Subjiki and Angelika) were 4 days earlier but showed no effect on height or number of bracts. DE: cultural-methods; pot-plants; Poinsettias-; cuttings-; production-; techniques-; Carbon-dioxide; responses-; ornamental-plants; Protected-cultivation OD: Fatshedera-lizei; Dieffenbachia-; Ficus-benjamina; Saintpaulia-; Nephrolepis-; Begonia-; Fuchsia-; Pelargonium-zonale; Euphorbia-pulcherrima GE: France- RN: 124-38-9 BT: plants; Fatshedera; Araliaceae; Apiales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Araceae; Arales; monocotyledons; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; Gesneriaceae; Scrophulariales; Oleandraceae; ferns; Pteridophyta; Begoniaceae; Violales; Onagraceae; Myrtales; Pelargonium; Geraniaceae; Geraniales; Euphorbia; Euphorbiaceae; Euphorbiales; Western-Europe; Europe; Mediterranean-Countries CC: FF100; FF160; ZZ900 CD: Plant-Production; Plant-Propagation; Techniques-and-Methodology PT: Journal-article UD: 950315 AN: 870344076 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 91 of 93 TI: Carborain: effect detectable with hydroculture. OT: Carborain: Wirkung bei Hydrokulturen nachweisbar. AU: Molitor-HD; Hentig-WU-von; Fischer-M AD: Institut fur Zierpflanzenbau, 6222 Geisenheim, German Federal Republic. SO: Gb-+-Gw. 1986, 86: 23, 867, 870-872; 11 ref. PY: 1986 LA: German AB: Dracaena marginata, Ficus benjamina and Saintpaulia ionantha grown in hydroculture were (a) supplied with CO2 via the irrigation water (Carborain) at 1700-1900 p.p.m. from 0500 to 0800 h and 1200 to 1500 h daily, (b) grown in the same greenhouse as (a) but given no CO2 in the irrigation water, or (c) grown in a separate greenhouse from (a) and given no CO2 (control). Plant weight of F. benjamina and S. ionantha was increased by treatment (a) compared with controls and (b), but was decreased in D. marginata. Carborain treatment increased atmospheric CO2 levels to 650-900 p.p.m. and decreased the pH of the nutrient solution, which improved availability of some trace elements. Adding CO2 to reduce solution pH was simpler to regulate than adding acids or altering the nitrogen form, but it caused a marked increase in algae in the nutrient solution. DE: protected-cultivation; carbon-dioxide; application-; irrigation-; ornamental-plants; Soilless-culture; systems-; hydroponics-; ornamental-herbaceous-plants OD: Dracaena-marginata; Ficus-benjamina; Saintpaulia- RN: 124-38-9 BT: plants; ornamental-plants; Spermatophyta; Dracaena; Agavaceae; Liliales; monocotyledons; angiosperms; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; Gesneriaceae; Scrophulariales CC: FF100 CD: Plant-Production PT: Journal-article UD: 950315 AN: 870344119 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 92 of 93 TI: Dark storage of three cultivars of bare-root Ficus benjamina foliage plants. AU: Steinitz-B; Ben-Jaacov-J; Ackerman-A; Hagiladi-A AD: Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel. SO: Scientia-Horticulturae. 1987, 32: 3-4, 315-322; 1 pl.; 16 ref. PY: 1987 LA: English AB: The ability of bare-root foliage plants to withstand dark storage (simulated shipment) was compared with the storability of control plants grown and stored in pots. Bare-root plants were produced either by growing in hydroponic culture or in pots and washing off the soil from the roots prior to storage. The study included the common Standard cultivar, which has dark green leaves, and Golden Princess and Star Light which have variegated leaves. Standard and Golden Princess hydroponically-grown plants and control potted plants lost a similar percentage of their foliage (less than 20% when stored up to 3 weeks). Star Light pot-grown plants had lost 15-30% of their foliage when transferred without storage into the indoor environment, and up to 90% when stored for 3 weeks. The amount of leaf drop in Star Light plants stored bare-root was always significantly higher than in those grown and stored in pots. A foliar spray of Star Light plants with silver thiosulphate prior to storage did not prevent subsequent leaf abscission. The results imply the feasibility of shipment of bare-root foliage plants, and point to the possibility of reducing shipping expenses by saving transport of soil and containers. The genetic background (cultivar differences) in F. benjamina is a major factor affecting storability and subsequent performance under simulated home conditions. DE: planting-stock; pot-plants; storage-; cultivars-; SILVER-THIOSULFATE; responses-; Leaves-; drop-; ornamental-plants OD: Ficus-benjamina GE: Israel- RN: 23149-52-2 BT: plants; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Spermatophyta; Middle-East; Mediterranean-Countries; West-Asia; Asia CC: SS200; FF100 CD: Agricultural-Products-Plant; Plant-Production PT: Journal-article IS: 0304-4238 UD: 950315 AN: 870346741 CAB Abstracts 1987-1989 93 of 93 TI: Maturity indices and pre-treatment studies on the seeds of Ficus benjamina. AU: Maithani-GP; Bahuguna-VK; Sood-OP SO: Indian-Forester. 1987, 113: 1, 6-10; 3 ref. PY: 1987 LA: English LS: Hindi AB: F. benjamina is an endemic Indian species also used as a street tree, cultivated for its medicinal properties and minor industrial uses, and grown in social forestry programmes. Fruits were collected at 4 stages of maturation (greenish-yellow, canary yellow, yellowish-brown and cherry brown). Measurements of fresh wt. and number of seeds/g indicated an increase in seed wt. with maturity. Fruits were dried in the sun and hand-crushed to a powder which was sieved to separate out seeds. Seeds were also isolated from bat excreta. Four pre-germination treatments were tested: soaking in GA3, thiourea or calcium carbonate sol. at 100 p.p.m. for 24 h, and no treatment. Seeds were germinated on paper in petri dishes incubated at 30øC. Seeds from greenish-yellow fruits did not germinate at all; max. germination was found with those from canary yellow fruits, while germination of seed from other stages decreased with fruit maturity and was lowest for bat-eaten seeds. All seed pre-treatments reduced germination, except in the case of bat-eaten seeds where n.s.d. were found. DE: Medicinal-plants; Street-trees; seeds-; germination-; plant-physiology; treatment-; seed-treatment; Dormancy-; Maturation-; Gibberellic-acid; seed-germination; growth-regulators; fungicides-; calcium-carbonate; maturity-; responses-; plant-growth-regulators; ornamental-plants; ornamental-woody-plants; broadleaves- OD: Ficus-benjamina; Ficus- GE: India- ID: fruit-maturity RN: 77-06-5; 471-34-1 BT: plants; trees; woody-plants; Spermatophyta; gibberellins; plant-growth-regulators; pesticides; ornamental-plants; dicotyledons; angiosperms; Ficus; Moraceae; Urticales; South-Asia; Asia CC: FF060; KK110; FF160; FF100; FF000; UU670; KK160 CD: Plant-Physiology-and-Biochemistry; Silviculture; Plant-Propagation; Plant-Production; Plants-of-Economic-Importance-General; Gardening,-Landscaping-and-Landscapes; Arboriculture PT: Journal-article IS: 0019-4816 UD: 950315 AN: 870619427